{"id":6608,"date":"2012-03-05T06:34:08","date_gmt":"2012-03-05T13:34:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanium.org\/en\/?page_id=6608"},"modified":"2024-05-11T11:33:17","modified_gmt":"2024-05-11T11:33:17","slug":"children-in-war","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/children-in-war\/","title":{"rendered":"Children in war"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>War is regrettably nothing new in today\u2019s reality. It has been estimated that over 400 million children are currently living in countries where wars or other types of <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/abuse\/\"><strong>violent<\/strong><\/a><strong> conflicts are occurring and face <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/nondiscrimination\/\"><strong>disproportionate<\/strong><\/a><strong> exposure to vicious and <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/abuse\/\"><strong>violent<\/strong><\/a><strong> crimes. Children\u2019s <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-rights\/\"><strong>human rights<\/strong><\/a><strong> are severely endangered and they are particularly deprived of the enjoyment of their <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/fundamental-rights\/\"><strong>fundamental rights<\/strong><\/a><strong>, as they are an extremely vulnerable group during periods of conflict.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" src=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_2129086961.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-70958\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_2129086961.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_2129086961-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_2129086961-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_2129086961-830x554.jpg 830w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_2129086961-230x153.jpg 230w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_2129086961-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_2129086961-480x320.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_2129086961-272x182.jpg 272w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Key definitions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A child is \u201cany person under the age of eighteen\u201d (Convention on the Rights of the Child: The children&#8217;s version).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>War is a \u201cphenomenon of organized collective <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/abuse\/\">violence<\/a> that affects either the relations between two or more societies or the power relations within a society. War is governed by the law of armed conflict\u201d (The Practical Guide to Humanitarian Law).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An international armed conflict (\u2018<em>IAC<\/em>\u2019) \u201coccurs when one or more <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/criticisms-of-childrens-rights\/\">States<\/a> have recourse to armed force against another <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/criticisms-of-childrens-rights\/\">State<\/a>, regardless of the reasons or the intensity of this confrontation\u201d (International Committee of the Red Cross).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Non-international armed conflicts (\u2018<em>NIAC<\/em>\u2019) are&nbsp;\u201carmed conflicts&nbsp;in which one or more non-<a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/criticisms-of-childrens-rights\/\">State<\/a> armed groups are involved. Depending on the situation, hostilities may occur between governmental armed forces and non-<a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/criticisms-of-childrens-rights\/\">State&nbsp;<\/a>armed groups&nbsp;or between such groups only\u201d (International Committee of the Red Cross).&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Protection from armed conflict under international law&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Convention on the Rights of the Child (\u2018CRC\u2019)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/convention\/signatory-states\/\">States Parties<\/a> must ensure the respect for rules of international humanitarian law applicable in armed conflicts which are relevant to children; take all feasible measures to ensure the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/protection\/\">protection<\/a> and care of children affected by an armed conflict; and make every effort to ensure that persons who have not attained the age of fifteen years do <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-soldier\/\">not take a direct part in hostilities<\/a> (CRC, Art.38).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Geneva Conventions of 1949 (\u2018GCs\u2019)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In times of conflict, children maintain their right to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/protection\/\">protection<\/a> of their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/children-and-religions\/\">cultural environment<\/a>, their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/right-to-education\/\">education<\/a>, and the exercise of their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/children-and-religions\/\">religion<\/a> (GCs, Arts.24 and 50). As soon as hostilities break out, parties to a conflict may establish <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/fundamental-rights-2\/health\/\">hospitals<\/a> and safety zones and localities to protect vulnerable groups such as children (GCs, Art.14). If in occupied territory, the application of any preferential measures with regard to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/food\/\">food<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/fundamental-rights-2\/health\/\">medical care<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/protection\/\">protection<\/a> from the effects of war for children may not be hindered and children under the age of eighteen cannot be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-labour\/\">compelled to work<\/a> (GCs, Arts.50 and 51).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Additional Protocols of 1977 to the GCs (\u2018AP I\u2019 and \u2018AP II\u2019)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Additional Protocol I relating to <em>IACs<\/em>, provides for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/protection\/\">protection<\/a> of children against any form of indecent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/abuse\/\">assault<\/a> and forbids children under fifteen years old to be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-soldier\/\">recruited<\/a> in armed forces (AP I, Art.77). Children benefit further from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/protection\/\">protections<\/a> such as evacuation, care and aid, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/protection\/\">protection<\/a> against assault and for wounded children, distribution of relief supplies, placement in internment with their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/family-and-childrensrights\/\">families<\/a> and facilitation to the reunion of dispersed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/family-and-childrensrights\/\">families<\/a> (AP I, Arts.8 and 70-78). Additional Protocol II, relating to <em>NIACs<\/em>, provides analogous <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/protection\/\">protections<\/a> to children (AP II, Arts.4 and 6).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>War consequences on children\u2019s <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/fundamental-rights\/\"><strong>fundamental rights<\/strong><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Right to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/life\/\">life<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/protection\/\">protection<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/fundamental-rights\/freedom\/\">freedom<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Since 2014, an average of 10,500 children are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/life\/\">killed<\/a> every year (UNICEF, 2022). Besides this staggering figure, children, both currently as well as in the past,&nbsp; have been recipients of great <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/abuse\/\">harm<\/a> and crimes being committed by armed forces during times of conflict (UNICEF, 2022). Children are therefore stripped of their right to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/life\/\">life<\/a> and to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/protection\/\">protection<\/a> from harm and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/sexual-abuse-children\/\">exploitation<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moreover, their right to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/fundamental-rights\/freedom\/\">freedom<\/a> is equally violated during conflicts. Some children are being <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/fundamental-rights\/freedom\/\">detained<\/a> either as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-soldier\/\">child soldiers<\/a> or due to \u201ctheir actual or perceived <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/detained-children\/\">association<\/a> with an armed group\u201d or due to the lack of access to \u201cappropriate <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/detained-children\/\">forms of child justice<\/a>\u201d (International Committee of the Red Cross).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Right to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/food\/\">food<\/a> and to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/water\/\">water<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Many provisions of international humanitarian law ensure that persons or groups not\/no longer taking part in hostilities shall not be denied of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/food\/\">food<\/a> (Jelena Pejic, 2001). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/food\/\">Food<\/a> supplies can become scarce in times of conflict and starvation can be used as a method of warfare (Jelena Pejic, 2001). Equally, safe drinking <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/water\/\">water<\/a> can be used as a weapon of war and can also become insufficient as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/water\/\">water<\/a> supply tanks are inflicted with damage and disrepair from the armed conflict (UNICEF, 2017). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a consequence, children\u2019s rights to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/food\/\">food<\/a> and to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/water\/\">water<\/a> are alarmingly obstructed. When children do not have a sufficient diet and have no safe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/water\/\">water<\/a> to drink, it can lead to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/childhood-illnesses\/\">malnutrition<\/a>, fatal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/childhood-illnesses\/\">diseases<\/a> and the weakening of the immunity system (War Childhood Museum; UNICEF, 2017).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Right to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/right-to-education\/\">education<\/a>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"733\" src=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_1831926541-1024x733.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-70795\" style=\"width:309px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_1831926541-1024x733.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_1831926541-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_1831926541-768x550.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_1831926541-1536x1099.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_1831926541-2048x1465.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_1831926541-830x594.jpg 830w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_1831926541-230x165.jpg 230w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_1831926541-350x250.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_1831926541-480x343.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/right-to-education\/\">Education<\/a> can be a real <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/life\/\">life<\/a>-saver for children during conflicts, because when they are not within <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/right-to-education\/\">school<\/a> premises, they can easily become targets of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/abuse\/\">abuse<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/sexual-abuse-children\/\">exploitation<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-soldier\/\">recruitment<\/a> by armed forces (UNICEF). However, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/right-to-education\/\">schools<\/a> can be intentionally targeted, damaged collaterally, or used for military functions, shelters for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/displaced-children\/\">displaced<\/a> persons, and local illegal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-soldier\/\">recruitment<\/a> (International Committe of the Red Cross). By the same token, as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/displaced-children\/\">refugees<\/a> in another country, children are not guaranteed to gain access to a suitable <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/right-to-education\/\">education<\/a> (United Nations, 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Right to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/fundamental-rights-2\/health\/\">health<\/a>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The paucity of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/fundamental-rights-2\/health\/\">medication<\/a>, medical staff and adequate <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/fundamental-rights-2\/health\/\">health<\/a> services during conflicts can be the cause for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/infant-mortality\/\">child mortality<\/a> rate and for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/childhood-illnesses\/\">morbidity<\/a> toll increase (War Childhood Museum). Attacks are also aimed at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/fundamental-rights-2\/health\/\">hospitals<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/fundamental-rights-2\/health\/\">health<\/a> workers and patients (United Nations, 2013). Given that children are still growing up and in development, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-rights\/\">physically<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-rights\/\">psychologically<\/a>, their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/fundamental-rights-2\/health\/\">health<\/a> is \u201cseriously endangered in war\u201d (War Childhood Museum). Not only does their right to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/fundamental-rights-2\/health\/\">health<\/a> care become restricted or non-existent, but the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-rights\/\">damage<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-rights\/\">trauma<\/a> inflicted by conflict-related horrors and crimes can unfortunately never be erased. (Psychiatric Times, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Repercussions of warfare on children\u2019s daily lives&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Victims of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/abuse\/\">violence<\/a> and atrocious crimes&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Children, as civilians and as part of the most vulnerable group in the context of warfare, are more prone to witness and be victims of the most atrocious crimes committed during armed conflicts (War Childhood Museum). Indeed, children encounter first-hand the various crimes committed by armed forces, ranging from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/abuse\/\">torture<\/a> and injuries inflicted on children and escalating to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/life\/\">murder<\/a> (UNICEF, 2022). They are furthermore exposed to being injured or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/life\/\">killed<\/a> by land mines and explosives (UNICEF USA). Corollary grave crimes suffered by children during armed conflicts are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/abuse\/\">abuse<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-trafficking\/\">abduction<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/sexual-abuse-children\/\">exploitation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-trafficking\/\">child trafficking<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/sexual-abuse-children\/\">rape<\/a> and other forms of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/sexual-abuse-children\/\">sexual violence<\/a> (UNICEF).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enlistment as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-soldier\/\">child soldiers<\/a>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-trafficking\/\">Abducted<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-soldier\/\">recruited<\/a> by force, children can be turned into <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-soldier\/\">child soldiers<\/a>. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-soldier\/\">child soldier<\/a> is \u201cany person below eighteen years of age who is or who has been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-soldier\/\">recruited<\/a> or used by an armed force or armed group in any capacity, including but not limited to children, boys and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\">girls<\/a>\u201d (The Paris Principles, 2007). Children are compelled to \u201cfight on the front lines, participate in suicide missions, and act as spies, messengers, or lookouts\u201d (Human Rights Watch, 2013). Not only that, they can also be forcibly used as cooks, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/sexual-abuse-children\/\">sex slaves<\/a>, or suicide bombers (Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary General for Children and Armed Conflict).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/orphans\/\">Orphans<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/displaced-children\/\">displaced children<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Children can also suffer from collateral effects of conflicts such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/orphans\/\">loss<\/a> or severance of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/family-and-childrensrights\/\">family ties<\/a> and their internal or external <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/displaced-children\/\">displacement<\/a> (UNICEF, 2022). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/orphans\/\">Isolated<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/family-and-childrensrights\/\">separated<\/a> from their family members or caregivers, children are even more at risk of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/abuse\/\">abuse<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/sexual-abuse-children\/\">exploitation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/abuse\/\">violence<\/a> and being enlisted as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-soldier\/\">child soldiers<\/a> (International Committe of the Red Cross). In addition to this disruption of their lives, they might be forced to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/displaced-children\/\">flee<\/a>, either internally or to other countries, in order to escape the armed conflict. And as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/displaced-children\/\">displaced<\/a> persons or refugees, children are more exposed to \u201cexperience severe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/poor-children\/\">poverty<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/abuse\/\">abuse<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/sexual-abuse-children\/\">exploitation<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-rights\/\">psychosocial distress<\/a>\u201d (Better Care Network).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Preventative and protective actions for children in war<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_2230655377-1-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-70794\" style=\"width:839px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_2230655377-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_2230655377-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_2230655377-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_2230655377-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_2230655377-1-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_2230655377-1-830x467.jpg 830w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_2230655377-1-230x129.jpg 230w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_2230655377-1-350x197.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/shutterstock_2230655377-1-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Both the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-rights\/\">physical<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-rights\/\">mental integrity<\/a> of children are gravely affected and violated in times of armed conflict. For this reason, precluding armed conflicts from transpiring is the most effective preventative action to guarantee a safe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/life\/\">life<\/a> for all children. If peacekeeping is however not achievable and an armed conflict unfolds, children must then benefit from a myriad of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/protection\/\">protective<\/a> measures.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/criticisms-of-childrens-rights\/\">States<\/a> and the international community must, as a matter of absolute priority, continuously cater to the needs of children and to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/protection\/\">protection<\/a> of their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/fundamental-rights\/\">fundamental human rights<\/a>. For this reason, the following actions should be encouraged and supported:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Protecting all children from grave violations committed during times armed conflicts (UNICEF, 2022). This includes, <em>inter alia<\/em>, to prevent the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/life\/\">killing<\/a>, recruitment of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-soldier\/\">child soldiers<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/fundamental-rights\/freedom\/\">detention<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/sexual-abuse-children\/\">rape<\/a> and other forms of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/sexual-abuse-children\/\">sexual violence<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-trafficking\/\">abduction<\/a> from being committed on children (UNICEF, 2022). Children\u2019s rights to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/life\/\">life<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/protection\/\">protection<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/fundamental-rights\/freedom\/\">freedom<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/food\/\">food<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/water\/\">water<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/right-to-education\/\">education<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/fundamental-rights-2\/health\/\">health<\/a> must at all times be ensured and protected.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ensuring that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/right-to-education\/\">schools<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/fundamental-rights-2\/health\/\">hospitals<\/a> and other civilian buildings are not attacked either as a means of warfare or as collateral damage (UNICEF, 2022).&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Facilitating <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/family-and-childrensrights\/\">family reunifications<\/a> (UNICEF, 2022).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Closely monitoring children in times of conflict in order to provide a better response and humanitarian <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/protection\/\">aid<\/a> (UNICEF, 2022).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Engaging with all parties to the conflict in order to develop \u201cAction Plans and sustainably <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/protection\/\">protect<\/a> children\u201d (UNICEF, 2022).&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Written by Mo\u00efra Phu\u00f6ng Van de Po\u00ebl<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Internally proofread by Aditi Partha&nbsp;<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Last updated on 18 June 2023<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bibliography:&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Better Care Network. (n.d.). Children Affected by Armed Conflict and Displacement. Retrieved from Better Care Network at <a href=\"https:\/\/bettercarenetwork.org\/library\/particular-threats-to-childrens-care-and-protection\/children-affected-by-armed-conflict-and-displacement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/bettercarenetwork.org\/library\/particular-threats-to-childrens-care-and-protection\/children-affected-by-armed-conflict-and-displacement<\/a>, in April 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Human Rights Watch. (2013). Children and Armed Conflict. Retrieved from Human Rights Watch at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/topic\/childrens-rights\/children-and-armed-conflict\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/topic\/childrens-rights\/children-and-armed-conflict<\/a>, in April 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">International Committe of the Red Cross. (n.d.). Protected persons: children. Retrieved from International Committe of the Red Cross at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/en\/war-and-law\/protected-persons\/children\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/en\/war-and-law\/protected-persons\/children<\/a>, in April 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">International Committee of the Red Cross. (n.d.). Captured child combatants. Retrieved from International Committee of the Red Cross at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/en\/doc\/resources\/documents\/article\/other\/57jmea.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/en\/doc\/resources\/documents\/article\/other\/57jmea.htm<\/a>, in May 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">International Committee of the Red Cross. (n.d.). Glossary. Retrieved from International Committee of the Red Cross at <a href=\"https:\/\/casebook.icrc.org\/a_to_z\/glossary\/international-armed-conflict\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/casebook.icrc.org\/a_to_z\/glossary\/international-armed-conflict<\/a>, in April 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">International Committee of the Red Cross. (1977, June 8). Protocol Additional I to the Geneva Conventions<em>.<\/em> Retrieved from International Committee of the Red Cross at <a href=\"https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/ihl-treaties\/api-1977\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/ihl-treaties\/api-1977<\/a>, in April 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">International Committee of the Red Cross. (1977, June 8). Protocol Additional II to the Geneva Conventions<em>.<\/em> Retrieved from International Committee of the Red Cross at <a href=\"https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/ihl-treaties\/apii-1977\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/ihl-databases.icrc.org\/en\/ihl-treaties\/apii-1977<\/a>, in April 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">International Committee of the Red Cross. (1949, August 12). The Geneva Conventions of 1949<em>.<\/em> Retrieved from International Committee of the Red Cross at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/en\/doc\/assets\/files\/publications\/icrc-002-0173.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/en\/doc\/assets\/files\/publications\/icrc-002-0173.pdf<\/a>, in April 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Jelena Pejic. (2001, December). The right to food in situations of armed conflict: The legal framework<em>.<\/em> Retrieved from International Committee of the Red Cross at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/en\/doc\/assets\/files\/other\/irrc-844-pejic.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/en\/doc\/assets\/files\/other\/irrc-844-pejic.pdf<\/a>, in May 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res. (n.d.). The Practical Guide to Humanitarian Law. Retrieved from M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res at <a href=\"https:\/\/guide-humanitarian-law.org\/content\/article\/3\/war\/#:~:text=War%20is%20a%20phenomenon%20of,called%20%E2%80%9Cinternational%20humanitarian%20law.%E2%80%9D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/guide-humanitarian-law.org\/content\/article\/3\/war\/#:~:text=War%20is%20a%20phenomenon%20of,called%20%E2%80%9Cinternational%20humanitarian%20law.%E2%80%9D<\/a>, in April 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary General for Children and Armed Conflict. (n.d.). Child Recruitment and Use. Retrieved from United Nations at&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/childrenandarmedconflict.un.org\/six-grave-violations\/child-soldiers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/childrenandarmedconflict.un.org\/six-grave-violations\/child-soldiers\/<\/a>, in April 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Psychiatric Times. (2022, March 8). The Psychosocial Impacts of War and Armed Conflict on Children. Retrieved from Psychiatric Times at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychiatrictimes.com\/view\/the-psychosocial-impacts-of-war-and-armed-conflict-on-children\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.psychiatrictimes.com\/view\/the-psychosocial-impacts-of-war-and-armed-conflict-on-children<\/a>, in April 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">UNICEF. (2022, June). 25 years of children and armed conflict: taking action to protect children in war<em>.<\/em> Retrieved from UNICEF at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/media\/123021\/file\/25%20Years%20Children%20in%20Armed%20Conflict.pdf\">https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/media\/<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/media\/123021\/file\/25%20Years%20Children%20in%20Armed%20Conflict.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">123021<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/media\/123021\/file\/25%20Years%20Children%20in%20Armed%20Conflict.pdf\">\/file\/25%20Years%20Children%20in%20Armed%20Conflict.pdf<\/a>, in April 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">UNICEF. (2022, April 8). As conflict changes, so do the dangers for children. Retrieved from UNICEF at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/blog\/conflict-changes-so-do-dangers-children\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/blog\/conflict-changes-so-do-dangers-children<\/a>, in April 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">UNICEF. (2017, August 29). Children\u2019s access to safe water and sanitation is a right, not a privilege. Retrieved from UNICEF at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2017\/08\/childrens-access-to-safe-water-and-sanitation-is-a-right-not-a-privilege-unicef\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2017\/08\/childrens-access-to-safe-water-and-sanitation-is-a-right-not-a-privilege-unicef\/<\/a>, in May 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">UNICEF. (n.d.). Convention on the Rights of the Child: The children&#8217;s version. Retrieved from UNICEF at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/child-rights-convention\/convention-text-childrens-version#:~:text=A%20child%20is%20any%20person%20under%20the%20age%20of%2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/child-rights-convention\/convention-text-childrens-version#:~:text=A%20child%20is%20any%20person%20under%20the%20age%20of%2018<\/a>, in April 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">UNICEF. (n.d.). Education under attack. Retrieved from UNICEF at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/education-under-attack\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/education-under-attack<\/a>, in May 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">UNICEF. (2007, February). The Paris Principles<em>.<\/em> Retrieved from UNICEF at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/mali\/media\/1561\/file\/ParisPrinciples.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/mali\/media\/1561\/file\/ParisPrinciples.pdf<\/a>, in April 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">UNICEF USA. (n.d.). Children in war and conflict. Retrieved from UNICEF USA at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicefusa.org\/what-unicef-does\/emergency-response\/conflict\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.unicefusa.org\/what-unicef-does\/emergency-response\/conflict<\/a>, in April 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">United Nations. (1990, September 2). Convention on the Rights of the Child<em>.<\/em> Retrieved from United Nations at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Documents\/ProfessionalInterest\/crc.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Documents\/ProfessionalInterest\/crc.pdf<\/a>, April 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">United Nations. (2019, August 30). More than half of world\u2019s refugee children \u2018do not get an education\u2019, warns UNHCR. Retrieved from United Nations at <a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2019\/08\/1045281\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2019\/08\/1045281<\/a>, in May 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">United Nations. (2013, November 5). Protecting Healthcare in Conflict, Protecting Future Generations. Retrieved from United Nations at <a href=\"https:\/\/childrenandarmedconflict.un.org\/2013\/11\/protecting-healthcare-in-conflict\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/childrenandarmedconflict.un.org\/2013\/11\/protecting-healthcare-in-conflict\/<\/a>, in May 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">War Childhood Museum. (n.d.). Impact of War on Children. Retrieved from War Childhood Museum at <a href=\"https:\/\/warchildhood.org\/impact-of-war-on-children\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/warchildhood.org\/impact-of-war-on-children\/<\/a>, in April 2023.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>War is regrettably nothing new in today\u2019s reality. It has been estimated that over 400 million children are currently living in countries where wars or other types of violent conflicts are occurring and face disproportionate exposure to vicious and violent crimes. Children\u2019s human rights are severely endangered and they are particularly deprived of the enjoyment [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":70958,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6608","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Children in war - Humanium<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"It has been estimated that over 400 million children are currently living in countries where wars or other types of violent conflicts are occurring.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/children-in-war\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Children in war - 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