{"id":22320,"date":"2017-07-17T20:35:19","date_gmt":"2017-07-17T20:35:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanium.gives\/en\/?p=22320"},"modified":"2017-11-01T11:44:02","modified_gmt":"2017-11-01T11:44:02","slug":"remand-centres-france-another-chance-young-offenders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/remand-centres-france-another-chance-young-offenders\/","title":{"rendered":"Remand Centres in France: Another chance for young offenders"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u2018Closed Education Centres\u2019 (CEF) are defined, in Article 33 of 2 February 1945\u2019s ruling on young offenders, as centres where \u201cminors are subject to measures of surveillance and control ensuring an educational and pedagogic programme which is individually adapted and reinforced\u201d. \u00a0The United Nations Committee for the Rights of the Child sees these establishments, thought to be an alternative to the imprisonment of minors, as positive progress (Versini, 2010). \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

An alternative to prison<\/h2>\n

CEFs are placement establishments for young people aged between 13 and 18 years, who\u00a0are habitual offenders, and whose behaviour could not be sustainably changed by alternative educational provision. \u00a0According to Jean-Luc Rong\u00e9, publishing director of the \u2018Journal du Droit des Jeunes\u2019<\/span>\u00a0(<\/span>Journal of<\/span><\/i>\u00a0Young People\u2019s Rights<\/span><\/i>)<\/span>,<\/span><\/i>\u00a076% of young people placed in a CEF have already undergone a judiciary placement, and 30% of minors between the ages of 13 and 16 had been imprisoned before being admitted to a CEF (Rong\u00e9, 2007). \u00a0The study of CEFs carried out by Dominique Versini, Advocate for Children\u2019s Rights, specifies that, in fact, more than a quarter of young people placed in this type of establishment have no criminal record, and had committed their first offences within the past year.<\/span><\/p>\n

CEFs were set up as a result of the law, \u2018Perben I\u2019, passed on 9 September 2002. \u00a0Each of these centres accommodates 10 to 12 youths for a six-month period which can be repeated once, and during which time the centre\u2019s director and the magistrate regularly liaise over the minor\u2019s progress. \u00a0According to Manuel Palacio, director at the Judiciary Protection of Youths, the goal is \u201c to combine the advantages of detention with the ideals of education\u201d (Palacio, 2006). \u00a0The CEF is thought to be an alternative solution to imprisonment, but failure to respect this placement may cause the judge to decide on temporary detention or to pass a prison sentence. (Minist\u00e8re de la Justice, 2010).<\/span><\/p>\n

What progress has been made for the rights of young people?<\/h2>\n

Manuel Palacio questions the difference between this type of establishment and prison, with prisons now initiating a reform which aims to integrate the mentoring of minors. \u00a0According to him, CEFs are characterised by \u201cthe refusal to give up on the idea of a fusion between the educational and the penitentiary\u201d (Palacio, 2006). \u00a0As the name suggests, this set-up is predominantly educational. \u00a0Young people have access to different activities, according to a personalised programme, aimed at leading to reintegration. \u00a0For CEFs, the term \u2018closed\u2019 (<\/span>ferm\u00e9<\/span><\/i>) has a specific connotation, since it mainly refers to a judicial confinement: \u201cIt\u2019s a question of discouraging any attempts to escape and sanctioning acts of violence inside the centres, not through physical confinement (outer walls, bars and watchtowers), but through a heavy legal threat\u201d (Versini, 2010). These surveillance and control measures contribute to the reinforced and individually tailored educational and teaching programme.<\/span><\/p>\n

Young people sent to CEFs have different rights, as outlined by the Advocate for Children\u2019s Rights: the right to maintain personal relationships, the right to self-expression, to the protection of their private lives, to health and to education. \u00a0For example, the study carried out indicates that no CEF uses video surveillance in the offenders\u2019 private quarters, although some centres use these cameras inside the premises in order to monitor communal areas. \u00a0However, the respect of these fundamental rights is a subject of debate: for some experts, \u201cCEFs are walking the tightrope over the negation of rights: there is little freedom, and the privacy of detainees is not respected; bars, enclosed walls and the bunch of keys seem to be the most important educational tools\u201d (Rong\u00e9, 2007).<\/span><\/p>\n

The Teaching Project<\/h2>\n

The study of the French remand centres analyses the consequences endured by the minors placed in CEFs. \u00a0Separation from friends and family, the suffering caused to their parents, and daily tasks which have to be accomplished in a set time were all considered. \u00a0If prison seemed to be a personal sanction, placement in a CEF is often perceived as a parental sanction by the judicial system, inferring that the parents are unfit to manage their child\u2019s behaviour. \u00a0According to Sylvie Tordjman, professor of Child Psychiatry at the University of Rennes, it is essential \u201cto make the adolescent aware that, to the CEF team, their family is important\u201d, hence the need to involve the family through meetings and interviews, reinforcing the symbolic role of the parents\u2019 place in their child\u2019s welfare. (Versini, 2010).<\/span><\/p>\n

Initially the adolescent\u2019s programme has a significant emphasis on education; this is reduced later on in order to help them to achieve independence. \u00a0The placement of a minor in a CEF comprises three modules. \u00a0The reception module involves carrying out a health and wellbeing check, and reviewing their educational and professional level. \u00a0The educational focus is intensive here; its objective being to encourage the young person to re-establish social and institutional norms. \u00a0During the rehabilitation module, wellbeing and education constitute the important core features of the CEF\u2019s educational project. \u00a0It is at this point that that an individual programme is implemented, based on observations and reviews carried out during the first month. \u00a0The placement ends with a module preparing the young person for leaving the Centre. \u00a0At this stage, the educational emphasis is primarily focused on supporting their transition into society. (Arsea, n.d).<\/span><\/p>\n

CEFs are set apart from penal institutions by their emphasis on education and rehabilitation. \u00a0The objective is to set out an individualised course for the young person which should lead them to the path of independence and reintegration. \u00a0Daily life is governed by strict rules of behaviour, and by timetables that the young people must respect. \u00a0They have tasks to accomplish in a set time, such as helping with the maintenance of the establishment. \u00a0The week encompasses various activities led by the group\u2019s teachers. \u00a0The priority of \u00a0this schooling, overseen by a national professor of education, is to improve standards of reading, writing and maths. \u00a0In addition to the educational curriculum, the young people have sporting activities with a PE teacher and do arts and crafts. \u00a0Didier Botteaux, general director of the \u2018Association Oberholz\u2019, talks about daily life at the CEF in Saverne (Bas-Rhin), where work on self-esteem and confidence is part of the art sessions. \u00a0The young people there wrote a poem on \u201cThe Spring of Writing\u201d, which earned them the poetry prize, awarded by the academy inspector (Botteaux, 2007). \u00a0With a view to reintegration, a professional introduction to various types of work, either through courses or visits to worksites, is planned; internal or external activities are determined according to the objective outlined for each person. \u00a0The nurse advises the young people on health and safety education, and individual interviews with the psychologist are compulsory until they leave. \u00a0The module preparing them to leave comprises a consolidation of the skills they have acquired, and mentoring as they adapt to the outside world.<\/span><\/p>\n

For social networks: In France, a children\u2019s judge has an option to place young repeat offenders in a remand home (CEF). This environment, which aims above all to be rehabilitative, is an alternative to a prison sentence. With many varied activities and a strong educational atmosphere, everything is set up to offer these young people another chance at life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Written by: Helena Bornemann<\/div>\n
translated by :\u00a0Linda Davies<\/span><\/div>\n
Proofread by :\u00a0Izzy Fitzharris<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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Botteaux, D. (04\/2007). Le centre \u00e9ducatif ferm\u00e9 de Saverne.\u00a0<\/span>Journal du Droit des Jeunes<\/span><\/i>, N\u00b0\u00a0264 pp.\u00a045-46. . Accessible \u00e0\u00a0: https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-journal-du-droit-des-jeunes-2007-4-page-45.htm<\/span><\/p>\n

Versini, D. (06\/2010).\u00a0<\/span>Enfants d\u00e9linquants pris en charge dans les Centres \u00e9ducatifs ferm\u00e9s\u00a0: 33 propositions pour am\u00e9liorer le dispositif.<\/span><\/i>\u00a0[PDF] Accessible \u00e0 http:\/\/www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr\/var\/storage\/rapports-publics\/104000413.pdf<\/span><\/p>\n

Minist\u00e8re de la justice. (7\/01\/2010).\u00a0<\/span>Les \u00e9tablissements de placement.<\/span><\/i>\u00a0Consult\u00e9 le 4 mai, 2017, sur justice.gouv\u00a0: http:\/\/www.justice.gouv.fr\/_telechargement\/doc\/mineurs_etablissements_de_placement.pdf<\/span><\/p>\n

Palacio, M. (09\/2006). Les centres \u00e9ducatifs ferm\u00e9s\u00a0: entre mythe(s) et r\u00e9alit\u00e9(s).\u00a0<\/span>Journal du Droit des Jeunes<\/span><\/i>, N\u00b0\u00a0259, pp.\u00a023-25. Accessible \u00e0\u00a0: https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-journal-du-droit-des-jeunes-2006-9-page-23.htm<\/span><\/p>\n

Rong\u00e9, J.-L. (04\/2007). Les centres \u00e9ducatifs ferm\u00e9s.\u00a0<\/span>Journal du Droit des Jeunes<\/span><\/i>, N\u00b0\u00a0264, pp.\u00a038-39. Accessible \u00e0\u00a0: https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-journal-du-droit-des-jeunes-2007-4-page-38.htm<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00e9mintin, J. (11\/2004). CER, CEF… Contenir pour reconstruire pas \u00e0 pas.\u00a0<\/span>Lien Social<\/span><\/i>. N\u00b0\u00a0730. Accessible \u00e0\u00a0: http:\/\/www.lien-social.com\/CER-CEF-Contenir-pour-reconstruire-pas-a-pas<\/span><\/p>\n

Arsea. (n.d)\u00a0<\/span>CEF-Centre \u00c9ducatif Ferm\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><\/i>Consult\u00e9 le 16 mai, 2017, sur arsea.fr\u00a0: http:\/\/www.arsea.fr\/centre-educatif-ferme-cef\/<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u2018Closed Education Centres\u2019 (CEF) are defined, in Article 33 of 2 February 1945\u2019s ruling on young offenders, as centres where \u201cminors are subject to measures of surveillance and control ensuring an educational and pedagogic programme which is individually adapted and reinforced\u201d. \u00a0The United Nations Committee for the Rights of the Child sees these establishments, thought […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22504,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22320","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nRemand Centres in France: Another chance for young offenders - Humanium<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/remand-centres-france-another-chance-young-offenders\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Remand Centres in France: Another chance for young offenders - 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