{"id":29490,"date":"2019-09-24T20:44:12","date_gmt":"2019-09-24T20:44:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/?p=29490"},"modified":"2025-12-13T20:44:58","modified_gmt":"2025-12-13T20:44:58","slug":"children-in-sudan-inequality-poverty-and-disease","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/children-in-sudan-inequality-poverty-and-disease\/","title":{"rendered":"Children in Sudan: Inequality, poverty, and disease"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Children of Sudan <\/a>are facing harsh poverty. More than half of them do not attend school, 90% of females are obliged to undergo female genital mutilation (FGM), 12.4% of girls are forced to marry before the age 15, and many of them are employed as child soldiers. The infant mortality is of 30%. Some 2.4 million children are malnourished. (Forbes 2019) Overall, the rights of children in Sudan are under threat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Past\nconflicts: torn in between two Civil wars<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

These poor living conditions are accentuated\nby the situation in the country. Sudan has been hit with two civil wars, the\nlatest one lasting from 1983 to 2005, affecting thus the generation of today.\n(Jewish World Watch, n.d.) The first civil war began the year before the\nindependence, and lasted until 1976. It concerned the modernised Arab north and\nthe underdeveloped Christian and Animist south, that were fighting over\nrepresentation in government and autonomy. (Jewish World Watch, n.d.) Following\na 1969 coup, where a communist and socialist group directed by Colonel Gaafar\nal-Nimeiry took over, a peace agreement was signed in 1972, granting Southern\nSudan semi-autonomy. (Jewish World Watch, n.d.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But, in 1983, Nimeiry abolished the\nsemi-autonomy, establishing sharia and Islamic law throughout Sudan, which was\ndefavorable for Southern Sudan. As a result, Dr. John Garang de Mabior created\nthe Sudan People\u2019s Liberation Army\/Movement (SPLA\/M), in order to go against\nthe policies implemented by Nimeiry in Khartoum, which began the Second Civil\nWar. (Jewish World Watch, n.d.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1989, Colonel Omar al-Bashir led a coup d\u2019\u00e9tat, and claimed himself President of Sudan in 1993. Over this period, Bashir increased the influence of Islam in government, and included repressive policies. He committed military attacks on civilians, putting the country into a state of urgency, with the health of the Sudanese completely under attack. (Jewish World Watch, n.d.) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

In 2005, with ongoing support from Western\ngovernments, such as the US government, the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA)\nwas signed. (BBC, 2019) The CPA included a part which allowed for a referendum\nin which South Sudan would vote over secession. In 2011, 99% of South Sudanese\nvoted for independence from the North. (Jewish World Watch, n.d.) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, conflicts still occur today. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Current\nconflict: What is the situation now? <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The conflict involves North Sudan and the past\nPresident Bashir. In reaction to Bashir\u2019s harsh totalitarian policies,\nprotestors have taken to the streets to demand a democratical government. (BBC,\n2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On December 18, after Bashir\u2019s governmental measures to prevent economic collapse, with cuts to food and other resources, protests began. Firstly about Bashir\u2019s policies, this escalated into the demand of President Bashir\u2019s overthrow. On April 6, thus, protestors occupied the square in front of the military headquarters. On April 11, the military, and particularly the Transitional Military Council (TMC) took over. Although at first there was agreement to negotiations between the military and the protestors, as tensions rose, this quickly stopped. (BBC, 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The organization which united the most protestors\nwas the Sudanese Professionals Association (SPA).  Most of the protestors are young,\ndemonstrating the impact that Sudan\u2019s harsh policies has on the younger\ngenerations throughout North Sudan. At first, the protestors and the TMC agreed\nto a three-year long period transition period back to civilian rule, with a new\ngovernment in place by the end of the term. However, on June 3, the military\nviolently launched an attack on the civilians, killing off 30 Sudanese people.\nThey then claimed that elections would be held within 9 months, and decided to\nend the negotiations. (BBC, 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

As a result of this mass attack, the protestors decided to call for \u201ctotal civil disobedience.\u201d The western and African countries have mainly backed up the protestors, but they have not been giving large amounts of aid, as it involves interfering with each country\u2019s complicated relationship with the Middle East. (BBC, 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since June 3, more civilians have been killed,\nwhich has sparked ongoing protests. The protestors have recognized each\ncivilian killed in the protests to be a martyr, and they have taken to the\nstreets with posters representing their faces. Since June 3, the state news\nagency has announced that seven people have died, and 181 had been hurt.\nProtestors, nonetheless, persist. As the BBC claims, \u201cThe protests are a massive show of strength by the\npro-democracy movement.\u201d  (BBC,\n2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latest protest occurred on the 13th of July, when Sudanese people took to the streets in order to commemorate the slain protestors killed by the TMC over the course of the conflict. The talks between the ruling military council and the civilian opposition, which were planned for Saturday, were delayed for Sunday, and have not yet given any indication of peace. Under this deal, the military would lead a sovereign council, with the head of the junta, followed by the civilians who would take over. (The Guardian, 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Media\nblackout: Lack of coverage<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

All throughout this time, the military and\ngovernment have also been conducting an internet shutdown, with a close\nblackout of all internet communications. Since December, they have been\nordering telecommunications companies to block social media and stop worldwide\ninternet access. On June 5, the internet was disrupted, and the military began\nto launch janjaweed militia on the protestors. (Feldstein, 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As a result, people worldwide have gathered\nsupport for the protestors of Sudan. Changing their profile picture to blue, a\nslain protestor\u2019s favourite colour, has been a means of showing support while\nraising awareness. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is still a lack of coverage in the media\nof Sudan\u2019s protests. In particular, the situation of children during these\nconflicts is crucially dangerous. It is our responsibility, as an NGO working\nto secure children\u2019s rights, and as fighters for universal human rights, to\nincrease awareness of the situation, in order to raise more support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An\nendangering situation for the children<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A statement by UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore describes in perfect accuracy why and how the situation in Sudan is particularly dangerous for the children. Fore reports that 19 children have been killed in Sudan, and 49 injured since June 3. In addition, children are detained and sexually abused, and encouraged to join the fighting. The facilities that protected their rights, their schools and hospitals, have been looted and raided. Parents are fearful of their children\u2019s health in public spaces. In general, the children have reduced access to food and water, putting their health at risk. Overall, Fore concludes that \u201cchildren throughout Sudan are already bearing the brunt of decades of conflict, chronic underdevelopment and poor governance. The current violence is making a critical situation even worse.\u201d (Fore, 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

What needs to be done?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The\nBritish ambassador to Sudan, Irfan Siddiq, emphasized that a political\nagreement was needed, and relied heavily on the evidence of the death of 19\nchildren as a push to end the ongoing violence. (Miller, 2019) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The impact of the ongoing struggle on children has received very low coverage, with only The Independent<\/em>, and Forbes<\/em> that wrote about it. Forbes<\/em> has been incredibly comprehensive in its statement of UNICEF actions, and demonstrative of where funding and donations are going to. In their measures, UNICEF targets malnourishment, gender-based violence and inequality, displacement issues and migration problems, lack of good health, unsafe water, and lacking educational resources through programming, counseling and emotional support, and other means. With the donations from UNICEF supporters, they have been able to help a considerable amount of Sudanese people. (Hart, 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Although\nUNICEF has been sending in help, and providing support, such as \u201cvaccines, safe\nwater, treatment for severe acute malnutrition and psychosocial support,\u201d the\nchildren of Sudan are going to need much more, considering the prior conditions\nof the country. (Fore, 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of\ncourse, the situation for the children depends on the current political\nsituation in Sudan, and the former will not get fixed before the latter\nimproves. Once the political tensions calm down, and Sudan gains more ways in\nwhich to help restore the school faculties and the children\u2019s rights, it will\nbe necessary to raise awareness about positive teaching which includes\ncounseling and emotional support, as Humanium emphasizes in their core goals\nand objectives while working with children. As demonstrated, Sudan has been hit\nwith numerous violent uprisings and wars, which have undeniably affected\ngenerations of children growing up. Their mental health can be disturbed, along\nwith their physical health, which is why it is necessary to raise awareness in\norder to raise support for better psychosocial approaches to working with\nchildren. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

NGO\u2019s like Humanium should be emphasized to speak on this issue, and propose new ways to go about restoring better education and health amongst civilians of Sudan. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Written by Leah Benque<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sources<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

BBC.\n(2019, June 13), \u201cSudan Crisis: What You Need to Know,\u201d BBC. Retrieved from BBC\nAfrica: https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-48511226<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burk,\nJason, and Mohammed Salih, Zeinab. (2019, July 13), \u201cSudan protestors demand\njustice following mass killings,\u201d The Guardian. Retrieved from The Guardian\nWorld: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2019\/jul\/13\/sudanese-protesters-demand-justice-after-mass-killings<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Feldstein,\nSteven. (2019, June 13), \u201cTo end mass protests, Sudan has cut off Internet\naccess nationwide. Here\u2019s why.\u201d Washington Post. Retrieved from Washington Post\nAnalysis: https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/2019\/06\/13\/end-mass-protests-sudan-has-cut-off-internet-access-nationwide-heres-why\/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.45c367374229<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fore,\nHenrietta. (2019, June 11), \u201cChildren killed, injured, detained and abused amid\nescalating violence and unrest in Sudan,\u201d UNICEF Statement. Retrieved from\nUNICEF for every child: https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/press-releases\/children-killed-injured-detained-and-abused-amid-escalating-violence-and-unrest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hart,\nMarion. (2019, June 12), \u201cChildren killed and injured amid escalating violence\nin Sudan,\u201d Forbes. Retrieved from Forbes: https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/unicefusa\/2019\/06\/12\/children-killed-and-injured-amid-escalating-violence-in-sudan\/#12487673565a<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jewish\nWorld Watch. (n.d.), \u201cSudan North\/South Conflict,\u201d Jewish World Watch. Retrieved\nfrom Jewish World Watch Fight Genocide, Do Not Stand Idly By: https:\/\/www.jww.org\/conflict-areas\/sudan\/north-south-conflict\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Miller,\nCorazon. (2019, June 12), \u201cSudan protests: Children killed and sexually\nassaulted in violent clashes, say rights groups,\u201d Independent. Retrieved from\nIndependent: https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/africa\/sudan-protests-death-toll-children-sexual-abuse-khartoum-omar-bashir-a8954851.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Williams,\nJennifer. (2017, January 9), \u201cThe conflict in South Sudan, explained,\u201d Vox.\nRetrieved from Vox: https:\/\/www.vox.com\/world\/2016\/12\/8\/13817072\/south-sudan-crisis-explained-ethnic-cleansing-genocide<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Children of Sudan are facing harsh poverty. More than half of them do not attend school, 90% of females are obliged to undergo female genital mutilation (FGM), 12.4% of girls are forced to marry before the age 15, and many of them are employed as child soldiers. The infant mortality is of 30%. Some 2.4 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":29492,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[152,11,14,144],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29490","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-childrens-rights","category-human-rights-programmes","category-peace","category-violence"],"yoast_head":"\nChildren in Sudan: Inequality, poverty, and disease - Humanium<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Children of Sudan are facing harsh poverty. 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