{"id":36216,"date":"2020-08-11T08:03:45","date_gmt":"2020-08-11T08:03:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/?p=36216"},"modified":"2025-12-06T16:08:48","modified_gmt":"2025-12-06T16:08:48","slug":"the-situation-of-children-in-morocco-between-progress-and-challenges","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/the-situation-of-children-in-morocco-between-progress-and-challenges\/","title":{"rendered":"The Situation of Children in Morocco: Between Progress and Challenges"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>In May 2020, UNICEF Morocco released an update on the situation of children in <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/morocco-and-western-sahara\/\">Morocco<\/a><\/strong>. This report is not only interesting in terms of its content but also in terms of its structure. Although focused on Morocco, the advice can be applied to other contexts, as can the methodology used to analyse the situation.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>An Interesting Approach to the Situation<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/convention\/\">Convention on the Rights of the Child<\/a> is the cornerstone of the protection of children\u2019s rights. It sets out four groups of fundamental rights: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/fundamental-rights\/freedom\/\">the right to development<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/life\/\">the right to survival<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/comprendre-droits-enfant\/droit-a-la-vie\/\"> <\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/protection\/\">the right to protection<\/a> and the right to participate. The report, or Situation Analysis (SitAn) as it is called, covers these four categories, highlighting in particular <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/right-to-education\/\">the right to education<\/a> in the right to development category and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/fundamental-rights-2\/health\/\">the right to health <\/a>in the right to survival category (UNICEF, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_226387384-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-36463\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_226387384-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_226387384-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_226387384-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_226387384-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_226387384-2048x1363.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_226387384-830x553.jpg 830w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_226387384-230x153.jpg 230w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_226387384-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_226387384-480x320.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_226387384-272x182.jpg 272w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In my view, a convention should not be set in stone. It is important for it to be alive, which means that it should adapt to new challenges and to current events, as proposed by the theory of the \u201cliving constitution\u201d (Barnett, 2020). While keeping the foundation of the rights contained in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/convention\/\">the Convention<\/a>, the SitAn does indeed adapt, by including current issues such as climate change and migrants, whether they are internally displaced persons or migrating to other countries. It is important to take these factors into account, for any country, from the southern hemisphere to the north. Indeed, climate change, accelerated by global warming, affects all countries and populations. The consequent challenges should capture everyone\u2019s attention (R\u00e9c20).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to considering the four main categories of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/fundamental-rights\/\">fundamental rights<\/a> and contemporary challenges, this report analyses the situation according to an equity approach. This approach allows us to understand the most important social divides and disparities: between <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\">girls and boys<\/a>, between <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/poor-children\/\">the rich and the poor<\/a>, between rural and urban areas (UNICEF, 2020). In particular, this makes it possible to consider the population in all its complexity and thus to better target public policies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Understanding the causes when setting priorities makes it possible to better adapt proposals for improvement. This report demonstrates the importance of collecting data and having reliable and independent institutions to do so. Indeed, such information demonstrates the efficiency of public policies, which is analysed here, and their impacts. Above all, this allows them to be adjusted or redeveloped to fill a legal, social or political vacuum (De Marcellis-Warin, 2010). The SitAn therefore offers multiple avenues for improvement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>Subdued Progress<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Morocco ratified the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/convention\/text\/\">International Convention on the Rights of Children<\/a> in 1993. The UNICEF report presents this ratification as a promise to Moroccan children of the country&#8217;s commitment to promote and protect their rights and above all, to do everything it can to improve <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/childrens-rights\/\">children\u2019s situation<\/a>. In Morocco, tradition bears a heavy burden and even today, children are considered to be the property of their family (UNICEF, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_1762121948-1-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-36465\" width=\"424\" height=\"282\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_1762121948-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_1762121948-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_1762121948-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_1762121948-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_1762121948-1-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_1762121948-1-830x553.jpg 830w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_1762121948-1-230x153.jpg 230w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_1762121948-1-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_1762121948-1-480x320.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_1762121948-1-272x182.jpg 272w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 424px) 100vw, 424px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Moreover, in 2019 the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/morocco-and-western-sahara\/\">Moroccan<\/a> Government approved a bill on the country&#8217;s accession to the Covenant on the Rights of the Child in Islam. Although this bill has not yet been finalised, given that the Organisation for Islamic Cooperation has itself requested that the covenant be reworked (Zine, 2019), this shows the importance of the Muslim religion, of its values and of tradition. It could also reinforce traditional family models and in particular the gender roles assigned to parents and children, which would be an obstacle to equal rights for all children, regardless of their sex and their gender (Guessous, 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nevertheless, efforts to implement new laws and new services are signs of progress. For example, the report cites the increase in the school enrolment rate. Several initiatives are presented, such as &#8220;A million school bags&#8221;, the Tayssir program and the establishment of a boarding <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/right-to-education\/\">school system<\/a>. Although welcome, these measures have been hindered by several factors, including the difference in treatment between girls and boys as well as between rich and poor households. To illustrate this point, a girl will be less likely to go to boarding school than a boy, which could prevent her from staying in education. These kinds of complications and obstacles are found in every aspect of the public policies and projects related to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/childrens-rights\/\">children&#8217;s rights<\/a> mentioned in this report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>Challenges to Overcome<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Even if the situation improves and actions are taken to protect and to promote the rights of all children, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/morocco-and-western-sahara\/\">Morocco<\/a> faces many challenges and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/violence\/\">violations of children&#8217;s rights<\/a>. Just few days after the UNICEF report was published, several articles were posted online drawing attention to child labor in Morocco. As the report points out, norms evolve slowly, which hinders progress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The report is built around the challenges that UNICEF has identified for Morocco: early childhood development, adolescents, gender disparities between boys and girls, migrant children, climate change and its impact as well as child-sensitive public finances. Many public policies must therefore be rethought and improved so that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/morocco-and-western-sahara\/\">Morocco<\/a> can continue to make progress. One point that links all of its challenges is the importance of stakeholders and their ability to work together and to coordinate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Public policies are certainly decided by governments, but it is the stakeholders in the field, the administrators, community workers, teachers, paediatricians and all the professionals who work directly or indirectly, in contact or at a distance with children or who implement decisions and programs. Cooperation between these stakeholders is crucial for the implementation of public policies. Through their professions, they are in contact with children. Raising their awareness of children&#8217;s rights is key to changing attitudes towards the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-rights\/\">implementation of children&#8217;s rights.<\/a> They can be the voices that raise awareness among families and children themselves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>Lessons We Can All Learn<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The public policies presented here are specific to the Moroccan context, to its traditions and its culture. A public policy that works in one country could have opposite effect in another. However, on reading the report, many of the aspects presented could apply in other situations: gender equality, the integration of migrants, global warming, the social divide between rich and poor, etc. In addition, other countries, especially <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/africa\/\">African countries<\/a>, are also going through a demographic transition, like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/morocco-and-western-sahara\/\">Morocco<\/a>, even if their situations are different (Canning, Raja, &amp; Yazbeck, 2016).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Given that the demographic transition and human capital are linked, it is important to consider public policies for children in order to reduce <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/poverty\/\">poverty<\/a>, illiteracy, and all factors related to human capital (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank, 2018). Working every day to promote and to protect <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/childrens-rights\/\">the rights of children <\/a>means promoting not only the well-being of children but also that of the entire population, now and in the future. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"678\" src=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_372536749-1024x678.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-36466\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_372536749-1024x678.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_372536749-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_372536749-768x509.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_372536749-1536x1017.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_372536749-2048x1357.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_372536749-830x550.jpg 830w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_372536749-230x152.jpg 230w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_372536749-350x232.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/shutterstock_372536749-480x318.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Through its daily struggle, Humanium is committed to a better future. Together, let&#8217;s co-create a world where children&#8217;s rights are respected, protected and realised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Written by Juliette Bail<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Translated by Sarah Essadi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Proofread by Holly-Anne Whyte<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/youmatter.world\/fr\/definition\/definition-rechauffement-climatique\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>R\u00e9chauffement climatique : d\u00e9finition, causes et cons\u00e9quences<\/em>. (2020, mars 2). R\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 sur Youmatter.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecoactu.ma\/travail-des-enfants-2020\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>119.000 enfants accomplissent des travaux dangereux au Maroc !<\/em> (2020, juin 13). R\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 sur EcoActu.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aujourdhui.ma\/emploi\/journee-mondiale-contre-le-travail-des-enfants-119-000-enfants-accomplissent-des-travaux-dangereux-au-maroc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ALM. (2020, juin 15). <em>Journ\u00e9e mondiale contre le travail des enfants : 119.000 enfants accomplissent des travaux dangereux au Maroc<\/em>. R\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 sur Aujourd&#8217;hui le Maroc.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Barnett, R. (2020, mai 19). What is the Difference Between Originalism and Living Constitutionalism? (T. F. Society, Intervieweur)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Bozio, A. (2014). L\u2019\u00e9valuation des politiques publiques : enjeux, m\u00e9thodes et institutions. <em>Revue fran\u00e7aise d&#8217;\u00e9conomie, XXIX<\/em>(4), pp. 59-85.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Canning, D., Raja, S., &amp; Yazbeck, A. S. (2016). <em>La transition d\u00e9mographique de l\u2019Afrique : dividende ou catastrophe ?<\/em> Agence Fran\u00e7aise de D\u00e9veloppement, la Banque mondiale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">De Marcellis-Warin, N. (2010). L\u2019expertise scientifique et la prise de d\u00e9cision publique. <em>Atelier INGSA en Conseil scientifique aux gouvernements fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/108513-droits-de-lenfant-le-maroc-peut-mieux-faire.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">El Kanabi, M. J. (2019, novembre 21). <em>Droits de l\u2019enfant : Le Maroc peut mieux faire<\/em>. R\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 sur Hespress.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.leconomiste.com\/article\/1049519-regression-des-droits-de-l-enfant-au-maroc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Guessous, N. (2019, ao\u00fbt 30). <em>R\u00e9gression des droits de l\u2019enfant au Maroc?<\/em> R\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 sur L&#8217;\u00e9conomiste.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/bitstream\/handle\/10986\/30498\/33252.pdf?sequence=5&amp;isAllowed=y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">International Bank for Reconstruction and Development \/ The World Bank. (2018). <em>The Human Capital Project &#8211; Brief.<\/em> R\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 sur World Bank &#8211; Open knowledge Repository.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bladi.net\/maroc-travail-infantile-200-000-enfants-actifs-en-2019,70207.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Maroc : 200 000 enfants travaillent<\/em>. (2020, juin 14). R\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 sur Bladi.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/morocco\/rapports\/situation-des-enfants-au-maroc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Situation des enfants au Maroc : Analyse selon l\u2019approche \u00e9quit\u00e9 2019.<\/em> (2020, mai). R\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 sur Unicef.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/sr15\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (s.d.). <em>Global Warming of 1.5 \u00baC &#8211; Special Report.<\/em>R\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 sur IPCC.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yabiladi.com\/articles\/details\/82786\/maroc-pourquoi-pacte-droits-enfants.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zine, G. (2019, septembre 2). <em>Maroc : Pourquoi le Pacte des droits des enfants en Islam peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme caduc ?<\/em> R\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 sur Yabiladi.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In May 2020, UNICEF Morocco released an update on the situation of children in Morocco. This report is not only interesting in terms of its content but also in terms of its structure. Although focused on Morocco, the advice can be applied to other contexts, as can the methodology used to analyse the situation. An [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":36462,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[152,160,10,14,162],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36216","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-childrens-rights","category-freedom","category-health","category-peace","category-poverty"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Situation of Children in Morocco: Between Progress and Challenges - Humanium<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In May 2020, UNICEF Morocco has released an update on the situation of children in Morocco, interesting in content but also in form.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/the-situation-of-children-in-morocco-between-progress-and-challenges\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Situation of Children in Morocco: Between Progress and Challenges - 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