{"id":48968,"date":"2022-03-08T08:52:58","date_gmt":"2022-03-08T08:52:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/?p=48968"},"modified":"2025-12-05T16:14:35","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T16:14:35","slug":"a-shameful-chapter-of-irish-history-mother-and-baby-homes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/a-shameful-chapter-of-irish-history-mother-and-baby-homes\/","title":{"rendered":"A shameful chapter of Irish history: mother and baby homes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A recent flagship report from the Department of Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth (DCEDIY), a department of the Government of Ireland, has revealed that many religious institutions in <\/strong>Ireland<\/strong><\/a> have been enabling widespread <\/strong>abuse<\/strong><\/a> of unwed mothers and their <\/strong>children<\/strong><\/a> \u2013 often leading to death (Specia, 2021). Over the past twenty years, the country\u2019s \u2018mother and baby homes\u2019 have seen over 9,000 deaths, a significantly higher <\/strong>mortality<\/strong><\/a> rate than the remainder of the population (Specia, 2021). <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Documented serious forms of <\/strong>abuse<\/strong><\/a> are coupled with unethical forced births, vaccine trials and severe emotional <\/strong>abuse<\/strong><\/a> (Specia, 2021). Despite widespread calls for justice from victimised mothers and children, this \u201cdark, difficult and shameful chapter\u201d of Irish history has only recently been propelled into the limelight (Specia, 2021).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

What are \u2018mother and baby homes\u2019?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Throughout the mid-1900s, \u2018mother and baby homes\u2019 emerged across Ireland<\/a> to provide refuge for unwed mothers and their babies who were left without adequate support or family. Predominantly ran through church orders and funded by the Irish government, these institutions aimed to support women in a patriarchal environment laden with misogyny and discrimination (Specia, 2021). Women admitted to the homes ranged from 12 to 40 years old, with 80% between the age of 18 and 29 (DCEDIY, 2021). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

While some mothers\u2019 pregnancies were the result of rape and exploitation<\/a>, the majority shared one common characteristic: they fell pregnant outside of wedlock (DCEDIY, 2021). These homes acted as an early form of shelter for neglected women and orphanages for vulnerable children<\/a> \u2013 later developing into adoption agencies (Carroll, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In total, the most recent Commission investigation has revealed that nearly 60,000 unmarried mothers and the same number of children have existed within homes across the country \u2013 including a further projection of an additional 25,000 unmarried mothers in homes not subject to investigation (DCEDIY, 2021). Though \u2018mother and baby homes\u2019 were not exclusively an Irish phenomenon, the country\u2019s Catholic compass and stigmatisation of unmarried pregnancies drove an exceptionally high proportion of vulnerable Irish women into the homes (DCEDIY, 2021). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 1935-1945, nearly half of all \u2018illegitimate\u2019 (born out of wedlock) child deaths in Ireland<\/a> occurred in mother and baby homes \u2013 despite only a quarter of \u2018illegitimate\u2019 children<\/a> inhabiting these spaces (DCEDIY, 2021). Thankfully, this number has progressively dropped with each passing decade. The high volume of mothers and babies present in the homes was reflective of the fact that adoption only became legal in 1953, gradually providing a preferable, humane option for vulnerable mothers and children (DCECIY, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Tuam baby\u2019 controversies<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The DCECIY\u2019s investigation was triggered by the 2015 discovery of a mass, unmarked grave at Tuam in Galway, Ireland<\/a>. Following detailed analysis of suspicious death records at the St. Mary\u2019s Mother and Baby Home by Catherine Corless, the momentous gravesite unveiled the 36-year institutionalisation of unmarried, pregnant women in the Catholic-run facility (BBC News, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the time, having a child outside of wedlock was highly frowned upon and stigmatised in Irish society (BBC News, 2021). More detailed analysis implied that on average, a child died in the home every two weeks between 1925 and 1961 (BBC News, 2021). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

International outrage followed the graveyard\u2019s discovery and subsequent media coverage, prompting Ireland<\/a>\u2019s Minister for Children to highlight the availability of family tracing services for women and children<\/a> (BBC News, 2021). This was considered a \u201clandmark moment\u201d for the country (BBC News, 2021). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beyond the atrocious treatment of women and children within the Tuam home, the order of Catholic nuns \u2013 Bon Secours \u2013 <\/em>further issued a public apology for the \u2018disrespectful and unacceptable\u2019 way in which the victims were buried (BBC News, 2021). There were no burial records for nearly 1,000 children at the graveyard and the corpses themselves were distributed among 20 disused septic tanks (Carroll, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Investigative findings<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Broader findings from the 2021 DCECIY study showcase a litany of heinous abuses in homes analysed within the study. Though similarities exist across the homes, they were all run in different ways – some by church orders, others by local health authorities (DCECIY, 2021). Whilesome homes worked to keep mothers and children together, others had no regard for this separation, and the high infant mortality<\/a> rates reflect uniform neglect across the homes (DCECIY, 2021). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alarmingly, research suggests that infant mortality rates were not secret to health authorities of the time, painting a bleak picture at the government\u2019s disregard for maternal and infant health (DCECIY, 2021). In Bessborough, the home host to the highest infant mortality<\/a> rate in the country, 75% of children died before their first birthday (DCECIY, 2021). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beyond severe instances of mental and at times physical abuse<\/a>, the DCECIY report evidenced the prevalence of vaccine trials in the studied homes between 1934 and 1973 (DCECIY, 2021). These vaccine trials included children and were conducted without appropriate consent mechanisms or licensing requirements in line with government standards (DCECIY, 2021). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Government redress<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

To remedy the atrocities of the past, Irelan<\/a>d has established an 800 million Euro fund to facilitate compensation bundles for survivors, with individuals able to claim up to 65,000 Euros (Carroll, 2021). These \u2018survivors\u2019 encompass mothers’ resident in the homes as well as children who inhabited or were forced to work in laundries (Carroll, 2021). The government has estimated that 34,000 survivors would be eligible to submit claims under the fund, making it the largest scheme of its kind in the country\u2019s history (DCECIY, 2021). Adopting a non-adversarial approach to reparations ensures that the fund is non-adversarial and that it thus protects survivors against re-traumatisation (DCECIY, 2021). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

By establishing reliable, non-invasive mechanisms for individual redress, Ireland<\/a> has taken a massive step towards recognising its past wrongdoings. There is much to be admired in this approach but more needs to be done to ensure the country addresses the root cause of the homes\u2019 horrors. As expressed in multiple publications, \u2018mother and baby homes\u2019 are merely a symptom of a much broader disease: the continued exploitation<\/a>, victimisation and suppression of vulnerable women and girls<\/a> (Specia, 2021). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

While working to remedy the harms caused during this dark chapter of the country\u2019s history, the Irish government, the Church and legislators alike must continue to stamp out discriminatory norms which isolate women and children. Ireland\u2019s traumatic history \u201copens a window onto a deeply misogynistic culture in Ireland over several decades\u201d, one that has not been stamped out in its entirety (Specia, 2021). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Humanium, as a member of Child Rights Connect, the organization that drafted the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child<\/a>, strongly engages in protecting vulnerable children worldwide. Humanium works for a world where children\u2019s rights are universally and effectively respected, protected and enforced in all circumstances involving a child. You can help raise awareness on children\u2019s issues in the world by supporting Humanium \u2013 through sponsoring a child<\/a>, making a donation<\/a>, becoming a member or a volunteer<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Written by Vanessa Cezarita Cordeiro <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

References:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

BBC News. (2021, January 13). \u201cIrish mother and baby homes: Timeline of controversy.\u201d Retrieved from BBC News, accessed on 23 January 2022.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carroll, R. (2021, January 12). \u201cIreland publishes report on \u2018appalling\u2019 abuse at mother and baby homes.\u201d Retrieved from The Guardian, accessed on 24 January 2022.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Department of Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth. (2021, January 12). \u201cExecutive summary of the Final Report of the Commission of Investigation into Mother and Baby Homes.\u201d Retrieved from Government of Ireland, accessed 26 January 2022.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Department of Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth. (2021, December 23). \u201cGovernment approves proposals for Mother and Baby Institutions Payment Scheme and publishes An Action Plan for Survivors and Former Residents of Mother and Baby and County Home Institutions.\u201d Retrieved from Government of Ireland, accessed on 24 January 2022. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

O\u2019Carroll, L. (2021, November 16). \u201cIrish government agrees \u20ac800m package for mother and baby home survivors.\u201d Retrieved from The Guardian, accessed on 24 January 2022. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

O\u2019Donnell, I., O\u2019Sullivan, E. (2021, January 26). \u201cMother and baby homes inquiry: now reveal the secrets of Ireland\u2019s psychiatric hospitals.\u201d Retrieved from The Conversation, accessed 26 January 2022.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Specia, M. (2021, January 12). \u201cReport gives glimpse into horrors of Ireland\u2019s mother and baby homes.\u201d Retrieved from The New York Times, accessed on 26 January 2022.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A recent flagship report from the Department of Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth (DCEDIY), a department of the Government of Ireland, has revealed that many religious institutions in Ireland have been enabling widespread abuse of unwed mothers and their children \u2013 often leading to death (Specia, 2021). Over the past twenty years, the country\u2019s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":48970,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[152,164,11,144],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48968","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-childrens-rights","category-exploitation","category-human-rights-programmes","category-violence"],"yoast_head":"\nA shameful chapter of Irish history: mother and baby homes - Humanium<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Over the past twenty years, the country\u2019s \u2018mother and baby homes\u2019 have seen over 9,000 deaths, a significantly higher mortality rate than the remainder of the population.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/a-shameful-chapter-of-irish-history-mother-and-baby-homes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A shameful chapter of Irish history: mother and baby homes - 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