{"id":60552,"date":"2023-03-14T08:18:57","date_gmt":"2023-03-14T08:18:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/?p=60552"},"modified":"2025-12-05T16:14:40","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T16:14:40","slug":"the-situation-of-ukrainian-refugee-children-in-poland","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/the-situation-of-ukrainian-refugee-children-in-poland\/","title":{"rendered":"The situation of Ukrainian refugee children in Poland<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Poland<\/strong><\/a> has been the country that has welcomed the biggest number of <\/strong>refugees<\/strong><\/a> coming from <\/strong>Ukraine<\/strong><\/a> since the start of the conflict. Indeed, the response of the Polish government and the Polish people has been very supportive. Out of all the refugees who have arrived in Poland, there is also a great number of <\/strong>children<\/strong><\/a> who have been enrolled in Polish <\/strong>schools<\/strong><\/a> and became part of Polish childcare institutions. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thousands of Ukrainians leave their country<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The invasion of Ukraine<\/a> by Russia<\/a> on the 24th<\/sup> of February of 2022 has led to one of the biggest refugee<\/a> crises in Europe<\/a> and to a grave humanitarian crisis. Since the beginning of the conflict, Russia has continuously violated international humanitarian law<\/a>, by directly targeting civilians and vulnerable groups (Amnesty International, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Consequently, millions of refugees<\/a> have left Ukraine<\/a>, and have moved to neighboring countries or have been internally displaced<\/a> within the country. According to UNCHR, 8,046,560 <\/strong>refugees have been recorded across Europe<\/a> since the beginning of the war<\/a> (UNHCR, 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The war<\/a> has had an extreme impact on children<\/a>. As UNICEF Chief Catherine Russell has stated \u201cthe war has caused one of the fastest large-scale displacements of children since World War Two<\/em>\u201d (UN, 2022). Just one month after the war, more than half of Ukrainian children were displaced<\/a> (out of 4.3 million children, 2.5 million children were displaced inside Ukraine<\/a> and 1.8 million arrived in other countries) (UNICEF, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main destination for Ukrainian refugees<\/a> has been Poland<\/a> (UNICEF, 2022). Nearly 1.4 million people have arrived there (UNICEF, 2022), of which more than 40% are children (Notes from Poland- NFP, 2022). Thousands of children have also been arriving in other countries, such as Romania<\/a>, Moldova<\/a>, the Czech Republic<\/a>, Hungary<\/a> and Slovakia<\/a> (UNICEF, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The response of the Polish government regarding the conflict<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Both the Polish central government and the Polish people have demonstrated a great degree of empathy and solidarity with Ukraine<\/a>. The government of Poland<\/a> has allowed all Ukrainians to cross the border<\/a>, even those who could not identify themselves because they lacked an identity<\/a> document. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

During the border crossing, the Commander of the Border Guard issued a permit that allowed Ukrainian citizens to stay in Poland<\/a> for fifteen days. After that period, Ukrainians had to decide if they wanted to stay for a longer period of time (STATISTA, 2023). Moreover, reception points have also been established to provide refugees<\/a> with a temporary place to stay in Poland<\/a>, as well as basic medical care<\/a> and some food<\/a>. In addition, Polish trains have offered free tickets for Ukrainian citizens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukrainian refugee children in Polish schools <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

According to the Polish Press Agency (PAP), there are approximately 700,000 to 800,000 refugees<\/a> from Ukraine<\/a> at school age in Poland<\/a>. However, it is not clear if these numbers are accurate or if the vast majority of these children<\/a> do not attend Polish schools<\/a> (NFP, 2022). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The number of Ukrainian children enrolled in Polish schools is much smaller since many children<\/a> are following online courses from schools<\/a> in Ukraine<\/a>, and several children have moved to other countries or have even returned to Ukraine. In September 2022, only 185,000 Ukrainian refugees<\/a> were enrolled in Polish schools; the number increased to 200,000 throughout the school year (NFP, 2022). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The uncertainty that Ukrainian children<\/a> have been dealing with, due to the fact of leaving their homes, friends, and family<\/a> behind, can have a serious impact on their physical and mental<\/a> health<\/a> (UNICEF, 2022). Education<\/a> has carried out a major role in the lives of Ukrainian children; it has restored a sense of normality, hope, and stability in their lives (UNICEF, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The role of teachers has been essential in making children<\/a> at ease in these new school<\/a> settings. Therefore, multiple games and all kinds of activities have been implemented to enable children to relax and feel the support of their new teachers and colleagues (UNICEF, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is also important to note the existence of Ukrainian schools<\/a> in Poland<\/a>. These schools follow the Ukrainian curriculum for those children<\/a> whose families desire to go back to Ukraine<\/a>, as soon as they can (UNICEF, 2022). However, the demand for these schools is much higher than the vacancies available. In September 2022, there were 1,500 children enrolled in these schools<\/a> (Unbreakable Ukraine, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Difficulties faced by Ukrainian children in Polish schools<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The barrier of the Polish language<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Several difficulties faced by Ukrainian children<\/a> in Polish schools<\/a> are the result of an under-resourced education<\/a> system of lower quality,<\/strong> partly due to the Covid<\/a>-pandemic (NFP, 2022). One of the biggest barriers that Ukrainian children have faced is the Polish language; especially for those fourteen years old Ukrainian children enrolled in eighth grade. These children<\/a> had to take the \u2018primary school exams\u2019 which are necessary to access secondary education<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Around 7,100 Ukrainian refugees<\/a> have taken these exams (NFP, 2022). Even though some allowances regarding Ukrainian pupils were made (they were given more time and were allowed to use dictionaries, among others), these pupils were at a clear disadvantage compared with Polish pupils who were familiar with the content of the exam and mastered the language. To prevent this situation, some NGOs in Poland<\/a> implemented some summer camps to provide support to refugees<\/a> so that they could improve their Polish and, also, get to know other children<\/a>; more than 100,000 children have taken part in these activities (UNICEF, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The decreasing number of teachers <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Another hurdle that the Polish education<\/a> system had to face was the decrease of teachers. This problem arose before the war in Ukraine<\/a>. In 2022, there were approximately 689,000 teachers in Poland<\/a>, which is 6,000 less than the previous year (NFP, 2022). In addition, multiple teachers have declared that the Ministry of Education did not provide them with sufficient help and adequate educational tools and materials to deal with the arrival of these refugees<\/a> who required special needs (NFP, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In spite of all these difficulties, the excellent welcome of Polish schools<\/a> to Ukrainian refugees<\/a> has even been acknowledged by the Polish Education Minister, who has stated that the reception of Ukrainian children<\/a> by teachers and students has been outstanding and that not a single problem has been perceived between Polish and Ukrainian pupils. (NFP, 2022) Some NGOs have been supporting teachers in providing psychosocial assistance<\/a> to children<\/a>, as well as hiring Ukrainian teachers and translators to make communication easier (UNICEF, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Childcare institutions in Poland helping Ukrainian children<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Children from institutions are one of the most vulnerable groups; thus, Polish authorities are striving to make sure children<\/a> are fully protected and taken care of. Polish childcare institutions are very different from the ones in Ukraine<\/a>; childcare institutions in Poland<\/a> have much higher quality (Open Democracy, 2022). In fact, Poland does not have large childcare institutions anymore because they are not considered adequate forms of care for children\u2019s development and well-being<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The current Polish policies guarantee that children are taken care of in either foster families or small childcare institutions (also called \u2018family-style group homes\u2019) (UNICEF, 2022). In these institutions, children<\/a> can learn, play and grow; they are also enrolled in local schools<\/a>. Caregivers from Ukraine<\/a> have been hired too. Ukrainian children have acknowledged a much more individualized treatment in the Polish childcare institutions; children<\/a> are asked for their opinion and the carers talk to them one by one. They also have more time for leisure and play (Open Democracy, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ensuring a safer future for Ukrainian children<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

It is essential that this solidarity that has been shown to Ukrainian children continues. The Polish government should keep collaborating with NGOs and other countries to ensure that these vulnerable children are protected; by providing them with assistance and psychological support. More access to education is necessary, and it is crucial to help Ukrainian refugees to be reunited with their relatives. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

At Humanium, we support the integration of Ukrainian refugees<\/a> in Poland<\/a>. Humanium works to create a world where all children\u2019s rights<\/a> that enable integration are respected. If you want to support us in the implementation of children\u2019s rights<\/a> worldwide, subscribe to our newsletter<\/a> or become a member or a volunteer<\/a>. You can also consider sponsoring a child<\/a> or making a donation<\/a>. Join us in taking action for children\u2019s rights<\/a> worldwide!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Written by Marina P\u00e9rez Ortega<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

References:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Amnesty International (2022), \u201cUkraine: Ukrainian fighting tactics endanger civilians\u201d, retrieved from Amnesty International at https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2022\/08\/ukraine-ukrainian-fighting-tactics-endanger-civilians\/<\/a>; accessed on January 11, 2023. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Notes from Poland (NFP) (2022), \u201c200,000 Ukrainian refugee children face a steep learning curve at Polish schools\u201d; retrieved from Notes From Poland at https:\/\/notesfrompoland.com\/2022\/05\/18\/200000-ukrainian-refugee-children-face-a-steep-learning-curve-at-polish-schools<\/a>\/; accessed on January 11, 2023. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Notes from Poland (NFP) (2022), \u201cNumber of Ukrainian refugees in Polish schools falls to 185,000\u201d; retrieved from Notes From Poland at https:\/\/notesfrompoland.com\/2022\/09\/02\/number-of-ukrainian-refugees-in-polish-schools-falls-to-185000\/<\/a>; accessed on January 11, 2023. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Notes from Poland (NFP) (2022), \u201cPolish schools ready to accept up to 300,000 additional Ukrainian pupils, says minister\u201d; retrieved from Notes from Poland at https:\/\/notesfrompoland.com\/2022\/08\/10\/polish-schools-ready-to-accept-up-to-300000-additional-pupils-from-ukraine-says-minister\/<\/a>; accessed on January 12, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Notes from Poland (NFP) (2022), \u201cRemote learning harmed education, deepened inequality and damaged health, finds Polish state auditor\u201d; retrieved from Notes from Poland at https:\/\/notesfrompoland.com\/2022\/02\/03\/remote-learning-harmed-education-deepened-inequality-and-damaged-health-finds-polish-state-auditor\/<\/a>; accessed on January 12, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Open Democracy (2022), \u201cWhat happened to Ukrainian children in care who fled to Poland?\u201d; retrieved from Open Democracy at https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/odr\/what-happened-to-ukrainian-children-in-care-who-fled-to-poland\/<\/a>; accessed on January 13, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

STATISTA (2023), \u201cNumber of people who crossed the Polish border from the war-stricken Ukraine as of January 2023\u201d; retrieved from STATISTA at https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1293564\/ukrainian-refugees-in-poland\/<\/a>; accessed on January 11, 2023. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

UN News (2022), \u201cOne month of war leaves more than half of Ukraine\u2019s children displaced\u201d, retrieved from UN News at https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2022\/03\/1114592<\/a>; accessed on January 17, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unbreakable Ukraine (2022), \u201cThe first Ukrainian school in Poland from the \u00abUnbreakable Ukraine\u00bb Foundation\u201d; retrieved from Unbreakable Ukraine at https:\/\/nezlamna.org\/about-us\/<\/a>; accessed on January 19, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UNHCR (2023), \u201cOperational Data Portal: Ukraine Refugee Situation\u201d, retrieved from UNCHR at https:\/\/data.unhcr.org\/en\/situations\/ukraine<\/a>; accessed on January 31, 2023. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

UNICEF (2022), \u201cAs children return to school in Poland, UNICEF highlights importance of getting those who\u2019ve fled war in Ukraine back to learning\u201d; retrieved from UNICEF at https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/eca\/press-releases\/children-return-school-poland-unicef-highlights-importance-getting-those-whove-fled<\/a>; accessed on January 16, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UNICEF (2022), \u201cCreating a family environment for children evacuated from child care institutions from Ukraine\u201d; retrieved from UNICEF at https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/eca\/stories\/creating-family-environment-children-evacuated-child-care-institutions-ukraine<\/a>; accessed on January 18, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UNICEF (2022), \u201cMore than half of Ukraine\u2019s children displaced after one month of war\u201d, retrieved from UNICEF at https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/press-releases\/more-half-ukraines-children-displaced-after-one-month-war<\/a>; accessed on January 19, 2023. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

UNICEF (2022), \u201cRebuilding the lives of Ukrainian refugees in Poland\u201d, retrieved from UNICEF at https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/stories\/rebuilding-lives-of-ukrainian-refugees-in-poland<\/a>; accessed on January 19, 2023. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

UNICEF (2022), \u201cTwo million refugee children flee war in Ukraine in search of safety across borders\u201d; retrieved from UNICEF at https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/press-releases\/two-million-refugee-children-flee-war-ukraine-search-safety-across-borders<\/a>; accessed on January 20, 2023. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

UNICEF (2022), \u201cUNICEF briefing note on the situation of children in Ukraine\u201d; retrieved from UNICEF at https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/press-releases\/unicef-briefing-note-situation-children-ukraine<\/a>; accessed on January 20, 2023.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Poland has been the country that has welcomed the biggest number of refugees coming from Ukraine since the start of the conflict. Indeed, the response of the Polish government and the Polish people has been very supportive. 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