{"id":60931,"date":"2023-03-28T06:51:12","date_gmt":"2023-03-28T06:51:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/?p=60931"},"modified":"2025-12-05T16:16:59","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T16:16:59","slug":"a-persisting-and-harmful-practice-of-child-marriage-in-vietnam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/a-persisting-and-harmful-practice-of-child-marriage-in-vietnam\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>A persisting and harmful practice of child marriage in Vietnam<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>The widespread and harmful practice of <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\"><strong>child marriage<\/strong><\/a><strong> is regrettably no novelty and it still, affects the children and young girls of <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\"><strong>Vietnam<\/strong><\/a><strong> as an ongoing practice. <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/poor-children\/\"><strong>Poverty<\/strong><\/a><strong>, unequal access to <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\"><strong>education<\/strong><\/a><strong>, social context, <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\"><strong>gender<\/strong><\/a><strong> norms, harmful practices, <\/strong><strong>ethnicity<\/strong><strong>, and bride <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-trafficking\/\"><strong>trafficking<\/strong><\/a><strong> are found to be the leading causes of the persisting practice of <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\"><strong>child marriages<\/strong><\/a><strong> in <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\"><strong>Vietnam<\/strong><\/a><strong>. Humanium calls for a nationwide policy to remedy <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\"><strong>gender<\/strong><\/a><strong> inequality and <\/strong><strong>ethnic marginalisation<\/strong><strong> in order to ensure that all girls in <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\"><strong>Vietnam<\/strong><\/a><strong> are provided with the same protection and opportunities.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\"><strong>Child marriage<\/strong><\/a><strong> and <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\"><strong>gender<\/strong><\/a><strong> inequality \u2013 a definition under international law&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the United Nations Children\u2019s Funds (\u2018UNICEF\u2019), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\">child marriage<\/a> is defined as \u201cany formal marriage or informal union between a child under the age of 18 and an adult or another child\u201d (UNICEF, n.d.). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\">Child marriages<\/a> are considered to affect girls disproportionately, due to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\">gender<\/a> inequality (UNICEF, n.d.). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\">Gender<\/a> inequality is defined as \u201cdiscrimination on the basis of sex or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\">gender<\/a> causing one sex or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\">gender<\/a> to be routinely privileged or prioritized over another\u201d (Save the Children, n.d.). And as a result, thereof, globally, approximately one in five girls today are married before the age of 18, while \u201cthe prevalence of child marriage among boys&nbsp;is just one sixth that among girls\u201d (UNICEF, n.d.).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to UNFPA and UNICEF, there are 4 types of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\">child marriages<\/a> (UNICEF &amp; UNFPA, 2018):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Family arranged marriages &#8211; child marriage can be seen as a tradition and \u201cis often linked to early labour\u201d,&nbsp; which means that \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/poor-children\/\">poor<\/a> families marry children to bring them into the family workforce (<em>e.g.<\/em>, domestic work, agricultural labour)\u201d (UNICEF &amp; UNFPA, 2018).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Love marriages &#8211; young couples would \u201cdrop out of school to get married or move in together without registration to avoid fines\u201d (UNICEF &amp; UNFPA, 2018).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Marriage to \u2018resolve <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/adolescents-sexuality\/\">pregnancy<\/a>\u2019 &#8211; \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/adolescents-sexuality\/\">early pregnancy<\/a> leads to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\">child marriage<\/a> to address the shame associated with premarital sex\u201d (UNICEF &amp; UNFPA, 2018).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bride abduction\/trafficking &#8211; girls are being kidnapped without their consent and\/or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-trafficking\/\">trafficked<\/a> to China to be sold for marriage (UNICEF &amp; UNFPA, 2018).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Socialist Republic of <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\"><strong>Vietnam<\/strong><\/a><strong> \u2013 obligations under international law<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\">Vietnam<\/a> holds an important position on the international scene. Notably, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\">Vietnam<\/a> has ratified multiple international conventions, such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child (\u2018CRC\u2019) in 1990 and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (\u2018CEDAW\u2019) in 1982 (United Nations Human Rights, n.d.). Accordingly, the Committee on the Rights of the Child sets a minimum age of marriage of 18 (UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, 2003), and the CEDAW obligates States parties to ensure free and full consent to marriage (Documents &#8211; CEDAW, 1981).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The government of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\">Vietnam<\/a> has enacted the Family and Marriage Law in June 2000, which sets the minimum legal age of marriage for women to 18 years-old, without any exceptions (National Assembly of Vietnam, 2000), and revised the Criminal Code in 2018, which now strengthens protection for children and includes more severe penalties for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\">child marriages<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-trafficking\/\">trafficking<\/a> of children (Vietnam Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition, following the Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\">Vietnam<\/a> has committed to eliminating \u201cearly marriage and all forms of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\">gender<\/a>-based <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/abuse\/\">violence<\/a>\u201d by 2030 (Vietnam Ministry of Planning and Investment, 2018). Moreover, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\">Vietnam<\/a> has committed to the ASEAN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women and Violence against Children (2013), \u201cwhich acknowledges the importance of strengthening ASEAN efforts to protect children from all forms of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/abuse\/\">violence<\/a>, including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\">early marriage<\/a>\u201d (Girls Not Brides, n.d.).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The main causes of <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\"><strong>child marriage<\/strong><\/a><strong> in <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\"><strong>Vietnam<\/strong><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/shutterstock_1404611390-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-60933\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/shutterstock_1404611390-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/shutterstock_1404611390-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/shutterstock_1404611390-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/shutterstock_1404611390-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/shutterstock_1404611390-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/shutterstock_1404611390-830x553.jpg 830w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/shutterstock_1404611390-230x153.jpg 230w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/shutterstock_1404611390-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/shutterstock_1404611390-480x320.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/shutterstock_1404611390-272x182.jpg 272w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The leading causes of the persisting practice of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\">child marriages<\/a> in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\">Vietnam<\/a> are the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/poor-children\/\"><strong>Poverty<\/strong><\/a>: children from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/poor-children\/\">impoverished<\/a> households\/families are being forced to marry before the age of 18 to the richest households in order to provide economic survival for their families (Girls Not Brides, n.d.).&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Unequal access to <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\"><strong>education<\/strong><\/a>: it plays \u201can important role in the prevalence of child marriage\u201d so that \u201cgirls with no <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\">education<\/a> are almost seven times more likely to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\">marry in childhood<\/a> than those who completed higher secondary education\u201d (UNICEF &amp; UNFPA, 2018). Indeed, \u201c33% of women with no <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\">education<\/a> were married before the age of 18, compared to only 1% who had completed tertiary <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\">education<\/a>\u201d (Girls Not Brides, n.d.).&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Social context<\/strong>: children can face \u201cstructural constraints, such as social norms that determine expectations of them or the absence of quality education and non-agricultural employment options\u201d and due to the social stigma around pre-marital <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/adolescents-sexuality\/\">pregnancy<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\">child marriage<\/a> can be \u201cused as a solution to address the unwanted <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/adolescents-sexuality\/\">pregnancy<\/a> of a girl to \u2018protect honour\u2019 of the girl and her family\u201d (UNICEF &amp; UNFPA, 2018). Indeed, some girls reportedly marry \u201cbecause they are afraid of getting <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/adolescents-sexuality\/\">pregnant<\/a> outside of marriage and transgressing strict Vietnamese social norms\u201d (Girls Not Brides, n.d.).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\"><strong>Gender<\/strong><\/a><strong> norms<\/strong>: Vietnamese women and girls are \u201ctraditionally seen as \u2018low value\u2019 and are expected to perform prescribed roles in the domestic sphere as wives and mothers, daughters and their status closely relates to these roles\u201d, which \u201cnegatively affect girls\u2019 returns on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\">education<\/a>, access to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/adolescents-sexuality\/\">sexual and reproductive health services<\/a>, decision-making power and control over resources, which exacerbates the prevalence of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\">child marriage<\/a>\u201d (UNICEF &amp; UNFPA, 2018).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Harmful practices<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\">Vietnam<\/a> still has \u201ca long-standing traditional&nbsp;practice of parents arranging marriages for their children\u201d (Girls Not Brides, n.d.). Despite the Family and Marriage Law of June 2000 setting the legal age for women to marry at 18 years-old, \u201cat the state and community level, traditional and customary laws still allow girls younger than 18 to marry with the consent of parents and other authorities\u201d (UNFPA Vietnam, 2016).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ethnicity<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\">child marriage<\/a> is \u201chighly concentrated in mountainous areas, especially among ethnic minorities (namely the Hmong, Xinh Mun, La Ha, Gia Rai, Raglay, and Bru-Van Kieu) in the northern mountains\u201d (Girls Not Brides, n.d.).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bride <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-trafficking\/\"><strong>trafficking<\/strong><\/a>: Vietnamese girls are being kidnaped, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-trafficking\/\">trafficked<\/a> and reportedly sold as wives to Chinese men due to China\u2019s gender imbalance (Girls Not Brides, n.d.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Vietnamese regional rates and rates of child marriage among ethnic groups<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>While <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\">child marriages<\/a> occur, unfortunately, worldwide, the underlying causes differ from country to country. In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\">Vietnam<\/a>, the regional rates are being recounted as the following: Northern Midlands and Mountainous areas with 18.8%, Red River Delta with 7.9%, North Central and Central Coastal Area with 8.5%, Central Highlands with 15.8%, South East with 7.8%, and Mekong River Delta with 13.8% (UNICEF &amp; UNFPA, 2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\">Child marriage<\/a> is often portrayed as a problem deeply rooted in traditional norms and practices belonging to ethnic minorities in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\">Vietnam<\/a> (UNICEF &amp; UNFPA, 2018). There are 53 ethnic groups in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\">Vietnam<\/a>, in addition to the Kinh population, which constitutes the majority. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ethnic culture in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\">Vietnam<\/a> is not monolithic and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\">child marriages<\/a> are not practiced in all ethnic cultures (UNICEF &amp; UNFPA, 2018). While it is evidenced that a child being forced into marriage is likely to be part of one of the ethnic minorities in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\">Vietnam<\/a> (23.1%), still, a \u201csignificant percentage of Kinh women (9.2%) were married before their 18th birthday\u201d (UNICEF &amp; UNFPA, 2018).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is important to understand that ethnic customs are not the cause of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\">child marriages<\/a> in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\">Vietnam<\/a>. As stated above, there are various reasons exacerbating the practice of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\">child marriages<\/a>, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\">gender<\/a> inequality, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/poor-children\/\">poverty<\/a> and lack of access to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\">education<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\">Child marriages<\/a> are deeply rooted in cultural practices and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\">gender<\/a> norms, which affect the country in its entirety, and cannot be associated only with ethnic groups.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>More importantly, depicting young girls and women as being oppressed by patriarchal norms and customs only \u201creinforces <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\">gender<\/a> inequality, one of the driving factors of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\">child marriage<\/a>\u201d (UNICEF &amp; UNFPA, 2018). Fundamentally, there is an absolute need for \u201ca more refined understanding of cultural norms and practices that (\u2026) can help prevent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\">child marriage<\/a>\u201d (UNICEF &amp; UNFPA, 2018).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Promoting gender equality to end child marriage in Vietnam<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Throughout various international periodic reviews and various international summits, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\">Vietnam<\/a> has remained transparent. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\">Vietnam<\/a> has recognised \u201cdifficulties to end <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\">child marriage<\/a> among ethnic communities, and agreed to review recommendations to continue carrying out policies to prevent the practise and review the law on marriage and family with a view to setting the same minimum age for marriage for women and men\u201d, while remaining \u201ccommitted to intensify their efforts and provide sufficient funding towards ending sexual and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\">gender<\/a>-based <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/abuse\/\">violence<\/a>, including zero <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\">child, early and forced marriage<\/a>, through evidenced and human rights-based policies and guidelines\u201d (Girls Not Brides, n.d.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"711\" src=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/shutterstock_208484497-1024x711.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-60932\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/shutterstock_208484497-1024x711.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/shutterstock_208484497-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/shutterstock_208484497-768x533.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/shutterstock_208484497-1536x1066.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/shutterstock_208484497-2048x1421.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/shutterstock_208484497-830x576.jpg 830w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/shutterstock_208484497-230x160.jpg 230w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/shutterstock_208484497-350x243.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/shutterstock_208484497-480x333.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Humanium finds the efforts of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\">Vietnam<\/a> towards combating the practice of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/child-marriage\/\">child marriages<\/a> to be promising. However, a more inclusive approach, destigmatising and demarginalising ethnic minorities of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\">Vietnam<\/a>, would be beneficial and bear results, as it would allow any national approach to protect all girls in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/vietnam\/\">Vietnam<\/a>. Humanium remains committed to safeguarding children\u2019s human rights, including their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\">right to education<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/girls-rights\/\">right to protection<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/adolescents-sexuality\/\">reproductive rights<\/a>. If you want to contribute to Humanium\u2019s cause, please consider making a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/donation\/\">donation<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/participate\/volunteer\/\">volunteering<\/a>&nbsp;or becoming a&nbsp;member.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Written by Mo\u00efra Phu\u00f6ng Van de Po\u00ebl<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Bibliography:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Girls Not Brides. (n.d.). Region: East Asia and Pacific &#8211; Vietnam. Retrieved from Girls Not Brides at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.girlsnotbrides.org\/learning-resources\/child-marriage-atlas\/regions-and-countries\/vietnam\/#:~:text=Child%20marriage%20is%20most%20prevalent,in%20the%20Mekong%20River%20Delta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.girlsnotbrides.org\/learning-resources\/child-marriage-atlas\/regions-and-countries\/vietnam\/#:~:text=Child%20marriage%20is%20most%20prevalent,in%20the%20Mekong%20River%20Delta<\/a>., accessed in February 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">National Assembly of Vietnam. (2000, June 9). Law No. 22\/2000\/QH10, on the Marriage and Family<em>.<\/em> Retrieved from National Legislation Website of Vietnam at <a href=\"https:\/\/vanbanphapluat.co\/law-no-22-2000-qh10-on-the-marriage-and-family-passed-by-the-national-assembly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/vanbanphapluat.co\/law-no-22-2000-qh10-on-the-marriage-and-family-passed-by-the-national-assembly<\/a>, accessed in February 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Plan International. (2019, January 19). Publications &#8211; Efforts to End Child, Early and Forced Marriage in Asia<em>.<\/em> Retrieved from Plan International at <a href=\"https:\/\/plan-international.org\/publications\/efforts-to-end-child-early-and-forced-marriage-in-asia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/plan-international.org\/publications\/efforts-to-end-child-early-and-forced-marriage-in-asia\/<\/a>, accessed in February 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Save the Children. (n.d.). Stories &#8211; Gender Discrimination Causes Inequality Between Girls and Boys Around the World. Retrieved from Save the Children at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.savethechildren.org\/us\/charity-stories\/how-gender-discrimination-impacts-boys-and-girls\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.savethechildren.org\/us\/charity-stories\/how-gender-discrimination-impacts-boys-and-girls<\/a>, accessed in February 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. (2003, July 1). General comment No. 4 (2003): Adolescent Health and Development in the Context of the Convention on the Rights of the Child<em>.<\/em> Retrieved from UN Committee on the Rights of the Child at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/4538834f0.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/4538834f0.html<\/a>, accessed in February 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">UNFPA Vietnam. (2016, October 25). News &#8211; Ending child marriage: towards a world where girls are free to dream. Retrieved from UNFPA Vietnam at <a href=\"https:\/\/vietnam.unfpa.org\/en\/news\/ending-child-marriage-towards-world-where-girls-are-free-dream\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/vietnam.unfpa.org\/en\/news\/ending-child-marriage-towards-world-where-girls-are-free-dream<\/a>, accessed in February 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">UNICEF &amp; UNFPA. (2018, March). Report &#8211; Ending child marriage, empowering girls: A joint discussion brief from UNICEF and UNFPA in Viet Nam on child marriage in Viet Nam<em>.<\/em> Retrieved from UNICEF at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/vietnam\/reports\/ending-child-marriage-empowering-girls\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/vietnam\/reports\/ending-child-marriage-empowering-girls<\/a>, accessed in February 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">UNICEF. (n.d.). Child protection &#8211; Harmful practices &#8211; Child marriage. Retrieved from UNICEF at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/protection\/child-marriage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/protection\/child-marriage<\/a>, accessed in February 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">United Nations Human Rights. (n.d.). UN Treaty Body Database. Retrieved from United Nations Human Rights Treaty Bodies at <a href=\"https:\/\/tbinternet.ohchr.org\/_layouts\/15\/TreatyBodyExternal\/Treaty.aspx?CountryID=192&amp;Lang=EN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/tbinternet.ohchr.org\/_layouts\/15\/TreatyBodyExternal\/Treaty.aspx?CountryID=192&amp;Lang=EN<\/a>, accessed in February 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (1981, September 3). Documents &#8211; CEDAW<em>.<\/em> Retrieved from United Nations at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=cedaw+pdf&amp;oq=CEDAW+pdf&amp;aqs=chrome.0.0i13i512l5j0i22i30i625j0i22i30l4.2928j0j7&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=cedaw+pdf&amp;oq=CEDAW+pdf&amp;aqs=chrome.0.0i13i512l5j0i22i30i625j0i22i30l4.2928j0j7&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8<\/a>, accessed in February 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Vietnam Committee for Ethnic Minority Affairs. (2018, January 11). Training session to decrease the child marriage and near blood-relationship marriage in ethnic minority areas in Dak Lak. Retrieved from Vietnam Committee for Ethnic Minority Affairs at <a href=\"http:\/\/english.ubdt.gov.vn\/referencepage\/ethnic-committee-with-local\/training-session-to-decrease-the-child-marriage-and-near-blood-relationship-marriage-in-ethnic-minority-areas-in-dak-lak.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/english.ubdt.gov.vn\/referencepage\/ethnic-committee-with-local\/training-session-to-decrease-the-child-marriage-and-near-blood-relationship-marriage-in-ethnic-minority-areas-in-dak-lak.htm<\/a>, accessed in February 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Vietnam Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2018, November 14). Universal Periodic Review &#8211; Viet Nam &#8211; National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16\/21<em>.<\/em> Retrieved from United Nations Human Rights Council at <a href=\"https:\/\/documents-dds-ny.un.org\/doc\/UNDOC\/GEN\/G18\/340\/13\/PDF\/G1834013.pdf?OpenElement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/documents-dds-ny.un.org\/doc\/UNDOC\/GEN\/G18\/340\/13\/PDF\/G1834013.pdf?OpenElement<\/a>, accessed in February 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Vietnam Ministry of Planning and Investment. (2018, June). Viet Nam\u2019s Voluntary National Review on the Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals<em>.<\/em> Retrieved from Vietnam Ministry of Planning and Investment at <a href=\"https:\/\/vietnam.un.org\/en\/4122-viet-nams-voluntary-national-review-implementation-sustainable-development-goals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/vietnam.un.org\/en\/4122-viet-nams-voluntary-national-review-implementation-sustainable-development-goals<\/a>, accessed in February 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">VnExpress. (2016, October 27). News &#8211; Child marriage persists in Vietnam\u2019s ethnic minority communities. Retrieved from VnExpress at <a href=\"https:\/\/e.vnexpress.net\/news\/news\/child-marriage-persists-in-vietnam-s-ethnic-minority-communities-3489572.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/e.vnexpress.net\/news\/news\/child-marriage-persists-in-vietnam-s-ethnic-minority-communities-3489572.html<\/a>, accessed in February 2023.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The widespread and harmful practice of child marriage is regrettably no novelty and it still, affects the children and young girls of Vietnam as an ongoing practice. Poverty, unequal access to education, social context, gender norms, harmful practices, ethnicity, and bride trafficking are found to be the leading causes of the persisting practice of child [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":60,"featured_media":60950,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,152,164,11,162],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60931","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-child-marriage","category-childrens-rights","category-exploitation","category-human-rights-programmes","category-poverty"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A persisting and harmful practice of child marriage in Vietnam - Humanium<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The widespread and harmful practice of child marriage still affects the children and young girls of Vietnam as an ongoing practice.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/en\/a-persisting-and-harmful-practice-of-child-marriage-in-vietnam\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A persisting and harmful practice of child marriage in Vietnam - 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