{"id":57909,"date":"2024-12-17T19:06:46","date_gmt":"2024-12-17T19:06:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/?p=57909"},"modified":"2026-08-21T03:19:42","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T03:19:42","slug":"leducation-inclusive-pour-les-enfants-en-situation-de-handicap-en-europe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/leducation-inclusive-pour-les-enfants-en-situation-de-handicap-en-europe\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019\u00e9ducation inclusive pour les enfants en situation de handicap en Europe"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Chaque enfant se doit d\u2019avoir la <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/comprendre-droits-enfant\/droit-a-l-education\/\"><strong>chance d\u2019apprendre<\/strong><\/a><strong>, de <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/comprendre-droits-enfant\/droit-a-la-vie\/?gad_source=1&amp;gclid=CjwKCAiA3ZC6BhBaEiwAeqfvymKM7ziFiTRsgMF_s1WlsKLEM--1ABVfMmedJ9Ihp0buN_BoFuiZgBoC0bUQAvD_BwE\"><strong>grandir<\/strong><\/a><strong> et de s\u2019\u00e9panouir dans un environnement qui valorise et respecte ses besoins et capacit\u00e9s individuels. Pour les <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/enfants-handicapes\/\"><strong>enfants en situation de handicap<\/strong><\/a><strong>, fr\u00e9quenter une \u00e9cole traditionnelle repr\u00e9sente plus qu\u2019une simple opportunit\u00e9 d\u2019apprentissage\u2009; cela signifie \u00e9galement se sentir inclus, trouver des opportunit\u00e9s et devenir des membres actifs de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. M\u00eame si l\u2019<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/europe-caucase\/\"><strong>Europe<\/strong><\/a><strong> a fait d\u2019importants efforts pour mettre en \u0153uvre une \u00e9ducation inclusive pour les <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/enfants-handicapes\/\"><strong>enfants en situation de handicap<\/strong><\/a><strong>, des d\u00e9fis subsistent pour parvenir \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Comprendre l\u2019\u00e9ducation inclusive<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019\u00e9ducation inclusive implique bien plus que la simple int\u00e9gration des enfants en situation de handicap dans les classes ordinaires (Graham, 2020). Cela n\u00e9cessite \u00e9galement de transformer les \u00e9coles \u2014 en red\u00e9finissant les cultures, les politiques et les pratiques pour garantir que chaque enfant, quelles que soient ses capacit\u00e9s, ait acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation qu\u2019il m\u00e9rite. Cette approche consid\u00e8re les diff\u00e9rences comme des opportunit\u00e9s, reconnaissant que chaque enfant poss\u00e8de des atouts et des besoins uniques, qui peuvent enrichir l\u2019exp\u00e9rience d\u2019apprentissage de tous les \u00e9l\u00e8ves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les recherches d\u00e9montrent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement les avantages de l\u2019\u00e9ducation inclusive, en particulier pour les enfants en situation de handicap. L\u2019inclusion scolaire am\u00e9liore leurs comp\u00e9tences sociales, leur estime de soi et leurs r\u00e9sultats acad\u00e9miques tout en contribuant \u00e0 lutter contre la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/discriminations\/\">discrimination<\/a> et les pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s soci\u00e9taux (Graham, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Le cadre juridique et les engagements de l\u2019Europe<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019engagement de l\u2019Europe en faveur d\u2019une \u00e9ducation inclusive pour les enfants en situation de handicap est ancr\u00e9 dans plusieurs cadres internationaux (Waisath et al., 2022). La <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/texte-convention2006\/\">Convention des Nations Unies relative aux droits des personnes handicap\u00e9es<\/a> (CDPH), adopt\u00e9e en 2006, est l&rsquo;un des cadres les plus importants. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019article&nbsp;24 stipule que \u00ab\u2009les \u00c9tats Parties font en sorte que le syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif pourvoie \u00e0 l&rsquo;insertion scolaire \u00e0 tous les niveaux et offre, tout au long de la vie, des possibilit\u00e9s d&rsquo;\u00e9ducation\u2009\u00bb, exigeant que les pays cr\u00e9ent des syst\u00e8mes \u00e9ducatifs inclusifs qui soutiennent les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/enfants-handicapes\/\">enfants en situation de handicap<\/a> dans un environnement aussi int\u00e9gr\u00e9 que possible (Nations Unies, 2006).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La D\u00e9claration de Salamanque, adopt\u00e9e en 1994, renforce encore ce principe, en exhortant les gouvernements \u00e0 adopter l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation inclusive comme politique. Elle d\u00e9clare que \u00ab\u2009les \u00e9coles devraient accueillir tous les enfants, quelles que soient leurs conditions physiques, intellectuelles, sociales, \u00e9motionnelles, linguistiques ou autres\u2009\u00bb (Organisation des Nations Unies pour l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation, la science et la culture, 1994).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De plus, la strat\u00e9gie de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne en faveur des personnes en situation de handicap pour 2021-2030, adopt\u00e9e en mars 2021 par la Commission europ\u00e9enne, donne la priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation inclusive en fixant des objectifs qui visent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer les exp\u00e9riences \u00e9ducatives des enfants en situation de handicap dans toute l\u2019Europe (Commission europ\u00e9enne, s.d.). La strat\u00e9gie met l\u2019accent sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une meilleure accessibilit\u00e9, de meilleures pratiques p\u00e9dagogiques et d\u2019un soutien accru, garantissant que chaque enfant, quelles que soient ses capacit\u00e9s, ait la possibilit\u00e9 de s\u2019\u00e9panouir dans l\u2019\u00e9ducation (Graham, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00c9tat de l\u2019\u00e9ducation inclusive en Europe<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les donn\u00e9es les plus r\u00e9centes en Europe t\u00e9moignent d\u2019une mise en \u0153uvre contrast\u00e9e de l\u2019\u00e9ducation inclusive \u00e0 travers le continent (Eurydice, 2023a). Une \u00e9tude de l&rsquo;Agence europ\u00e9enne pour les besoins sp\u00e9ciaux et l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation inclusive r\u00e9v\u00e8le qu&rsquo;environ 65 % des enfants en situation de handicap en Europe, sont inscrits dans des \u00e9coles ordinaires (Jodl &amp; Bian, 2023). Toutefois, ces taux varient d&rsquo;un pays \u00e0 l&rsquo;autre et d&rsquo;un handicap \u00e0 l&rsquo;autre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Les d\u00e9fis de la mise en \u0153uvre de l\u2019\u00e9ducation inclusive<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"684\" src=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/shutterstock_2389522285-1024x684.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-57910\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/shutterstock_2389522285-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/shutterstock_2389522285-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/shutterstock_2389522285-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/shutterstock_2389522285-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/shutterstock_2389522285-2048x1367.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/shutterstock_2389522285-830x554.jpg 830w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/shutterstock_2389522285-230x154.jpg 230w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/shutterstock_2389522285-350x234.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/shutterstock_2389522285-480x320.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/shutterstock_2389522285-272x182.jpg 272w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Physiquement inaccessible<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&rsquo;accessibilit\u00e9 physique reste un d\u00e9fi important pour de nombreux \u00e9tudiants. Les b\u00e2timents scolaires plus anciens, en particulier dans les zones rurales ou les quartiers historiques des villes, manquent souvent de fonctionnalit\u00e9s essentielles telles que des rampes, des ascenseurs et des toilettes accessibles (Hester et al., 2020). Ce d\u00e9ficit d\u2019infrastructure signifie que de nombreux \u00e9l\u00e8ves en situation de handicap ne peuvent toujours pas acc\u00e9der pleinement \u00e0 leurs \u00e9coles (Kefallinou et al., 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Personnel, enseignants et assistants insuffisamment qualifi\u00e9s<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un autre domaine n\u00e9cessitant des am\u00e9liorations est la p\u00e9nurie de personnel qualifi\u00e9, notamment d\u2019enseignants et d\u2019assistants. De nombreux enseignants ont exprim\u00e9 des inqui\u00e9tudes quant \u00e0 leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre efficacement aux besoins des \u00e9l\u00e8ves en situation de handicap dans leurs classes (Hester et al., 2020). Une meilleure int\u00e9gration des pratiques p\u00e9dagogiques adapt\u00e9es aux divers contextes culturels dans la formation et le d\u00e9veloppement professionnel des enseignants est \u00e9galement n\u00e9cessaire, car cet aspect reste limit\u00e9 et n\u00e9cessite une attention plus approfondie (Kefallinou et al., 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Financement et allocation de ressources insuffisants<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un financement et une allocation de ressources accrus sont toujours essentiels \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre compl\u00e8te de l\u2019\u00e9ducation inclusive pour les enfants en situation de handicap, car de nombreux syst\u00e8mes scolaires ont du mal \u00e0 fournir des logements, des ressources p\u00e9dagogiques adapt\u00e9es et des services de soutien (Kefallinou et al., 2020). Les disparit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que les r\u00e9gions et les pays les plus pauvres sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des obstacles encore plus grands pour acc\u00e9der \u00e0 ces ressources, qui sont essentielles \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre de pratiques \u00e9ducatives inclusives dans toute l\u2019Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Obstacles sociaux et comportementaux<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Des obstacles sociaux et comportementaux continuent de faire obstacle \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation inclusive dans toute l\u2019Europe. La stigmatisation envers les \u00e9l\u00e8ves en situation de handicap persiste dans de nombreux pays, \u00e0 commencer souvent par les enseignants, les pairs et m\u00eame les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/famille-droits-enfant\/?gad_source=1&amp;gclid=CjwKCAiA3ZC6BhBaEiwAeqfvynzQzop2_70VdfO8WlhnWnhJ-svO5MiTqnO8V_bO3wTCBMzFicoSlxoCRxEQAvD_BwE\">parents<\/a> (Leahy &amp; Ferri, 2023). Ces attitudes n\u00e9gatives peuvent mener \u00e0 des situations de harc\u00e8lement et emp\u00eacher une int\u00e9gration sociale significative pour ces \u00e9l\u00e8ves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Obstacles \u00e0 l\u2019adaptation des programmes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Partout en Europe, des programmes scolaires rigides et standardis\u00e9s ne parviennent souvent pas \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre aux besoins des \u00e9tudiants en situation de handicap. Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, les \u00e9coles ont besoin de plus de pr\u00e9paration et de soutien pour modifier les strat\u00e9gies et les outils d\u2019int\u00e9gration et d\u2019\u00e9valuation des \u00e9l\u00e8ves ayant des capacit\u00e9s vari\u00e9es (Schwab, 2020). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces probl\u00e8mes sont d\u2019autant plus marqu\u00e9s dans les pays o\u00f9 un syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9ducation inclusive est insuffisamment financ\u00e9 ou o\u00f9 peu d\u2019accent est mis sur l\u2019adoption de telles strat\u00e9gies dans les programmes de formation initiale des enseignants (Schwab, 2020). Pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 cette pr\u00e9occupation, les pays europ\u00e9ens doivent investir dans le d\u00e9veloppement de programmes plus flexibles et fournir aux enseignants la formation et les ressources dont ils ont besoin pour cr\u00e9er des classes inclusives pour tous les \u00e9l\u00e8ves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Mises en \u0153uvre sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 chaque pays<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Des progr\u00e8s et des lacunes persistantes en <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/france\/?gad_source=1&amp;gclid=CjwKCAiA3ZC6BhBaEiwAeqfvygw_sKA8R-K3-gHuq4hH4rdM7z2zX57k27GxxKPrZ0KN2xFkm3IdRRoC-NQQAvD_BwE\"><strong>France<\/strong><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La France a fait des progr\u00e8s dans la cr\u00e9ation d&rsquo;un syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif plus inclusif, avec plus de 80&nbsp;% des \u00e9l\u00e8ves en situation de handicap fr\u00e9quentant des \u00e9coles ordinaires (Graham, 2020). Ce virage a \u00e9t\u00e9 soutenu par la mise en place d\u2019assistants de soutien scolaire, appel\u00e9 accompagnants des \u00e9l\u00e8ves en situation de handicap ou AESH (Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00c9ducation nationale, 2015, 2024). Ces assistants sont essentiels pour aider les \u00e9l\u00e8ves en situation de handicap \u00e0 participer \u00e0 la vie scolaire et \u00e0 se sentir int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans leur communaut\u00e9 (Waisath et al., 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une autre caract\u00e9ristique importante du syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif fran\u00e7ais sont les unit\u00e9s ULIS (unit\u00e9s localis\u00e9es pour l\u2019inclusion scolaire). Ces unit\u00e9s sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es au sein des \u00e9coles ordinaires apportent un soutien suppl\u00e9mentaire aux enfants ayant des besoins plus importants (Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00c9ducation nationale, 2015, 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Malgr\u00e9 cela, des difficult\u00e9s persistent, notamment en ce qui concerne l\u2019allocation des ressources et la disponibilit\u00e9 de personnel sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 pour soutenir les \u00e9l\u00e8ves en situation de handicap dans les classes ordinaires (Shaw, 2021). De plus, nombreux son-t ces \u00e9l\u00e8ves qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019un nombre d\u2019heures limit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole \u2014 parfois seulement six heures par semaine \u2014 en raison du manque de personnel de soutien (Agence europ\u00e9enne pour les besoins sp\u00e9ciaux et l\u2019\u00e9ducation inclusive, 2020). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c0 l\u2019heure actuelle, la politique fran\u00e7aise \u00ab\u2009d\u2019\u00e9cole pour tous\u2009\u00bb garantit que plus de 80&nbsp;% des \u00e9l\u00e8ves en situation de handicap fr\u00e9quentent des \u00e9coles ordinaires, soutenues par des \u00e9coles mod\u00e8les inclusives qui favorisent des environnements d\u2019apprentissage \u00e9quitables (Graham, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Le mod\u00e8le d\u2019\u00e9ducation inclusive de l\u2019<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/italie\/\"><strong>Italie<\/strong><\/a><strong> et son \u00e9volution<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&rsquo;Italie est un leader mondial en mati\u00e8re d&rsquo;\u00e9ducation inclusive depuis 1977, int\u00e9grant avec succ\u00e8s presque tous les \u00e9l\u00e8ves en situation de handicap dans les classes ordinaires (Schreuer et al., 2024). Cette r\u00e9ussite est en grande partie due au recours \u00e0 des \u00ab\u2009enseignants de soutien\u2009\u00bb ou <em>insegnanti di sostegno<\/em>, qui travaillent aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des enseignants r\u00e9guliers pour adapter les cours aux divers besoins des \u00e9l\u00e8ves, en veillant \u00e0 ce qu&rsquo;aucun enfant ne soit laiss\u00e9 pour compte (Graham, 2020\u2009; Schreuer et al., 2024). Cette approche inclusive favorise une culture \u00e9ducative solidaire et contribue \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la stigmatisation associ\u00e9e aux handicaps (Doyle et Giangreco, 2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Malgr\u00e9 ces progr\u00e8s, l&rsquo;influence du mod\u00e8le m\u00e9dical traditionnel du handicap persiste dans les pratiques \u00e9ducatives, et les efforts visant \u00e0 adopter pleinement un mod\u00e8le social qui donne la priorit\u00e9 aux droits, \u00e0 l&rsquo;accessibilit\u00e9 et au soutien de tous les \u00e9l\u00e8ves continuent d&rsquo;\u00e9voluer (European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education, 2021\u2009; Ianes et\u00a0al., 2020). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D&rsquo;apr\u00e8s des rapports r\u00e9cents, l&rsquo;Italie a atteint un taux d&rsquo;int\u00e9gration de 99,6\u00a0% des enfants en situation de handicap dans les \u00e9coles ordinaires, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;enseignants de soutien qui renforce l&rsquo;inclusivit\u00e9 sans cr\u00e9er de distinctions entre les \u00e9l\u00e8ves (European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education, 2016, 2021\u2009; Ianes et\u00a0al., 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Efforts sp\u00e9cifiques aux cantons en <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/suisse\/?gad_source=1&amp;gclid=CjwKCAiA3ZC6BhBaEiwAeqfvynbJ3BKscUJ8fkrgHhIxyjawcj4vTOcgUB2lhn1b7-mYpfV8YLoQ3BoCzTIQAvD_BwE\"><strong>Suisse<\/strong><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019approche suisse de l\u2019\u00e9ducation inclusive varie selon les cantons, chaque canton \u00e9tant responsable de sa politique \u00e9ducative (Shaw, 2021). Depuis 2008, les cantons sont responsables de l\u2019\u00e9ducation sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e, en prenant en charge ses aspects techniques, juridiques et financiers (Eurydice, 2023b). Les mesures de soutien comprennent une intervention aupr\u00e8s de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/le-developpement-de-la-petite-enfance-la-fondation-pour-une-societe-durable-et-prospere\/?gad_source=1&amp;gclid=CjwKCAiAmfq6BhAsEiwAX1jsZzOms4Q3uib6eVut88FkN8CvdWtecpJxRwpw8L_dlDDVcxQRJtfntBoCQi4QAvD_BwE\">petite enfance<\/a>, et la tendance \u00e0 int\u00e9grer les enfants ayant des besoins \u00e9ducatifs sp\u00e9ciaux dans les \u00e9coles ordinaires s&rsquo;accentue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cependant, malgr\u00e9 ce d\u00e9veloppement, il existe toujours des \u00e9coles et des classes sp\u00e9ciales pour les enfants en situation de handicap ou ayant des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019apprentissage et de comportement (European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education, 2018). Actuellement, le syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif d\u00e9centralis\u00e9 de la Suisse permet des pratiques inclusives vari\u00e9es dans tous les cantons, avec des r\u00e9gions progressistes comme le Tessin en t\u00eate en mati\u00e8re d\u2019int\u00e9gration des \u00e9l\u00e8ves en situation de handicap dans les classes ordinaires et de formation am\u00e9lior\u00e9e des enseignants aux m\u00e9thodes inclusives (Kottelat, 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Les difficult\u00e9s du <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/royaume-uni\/?gad_source=1&amp;gclid=CjwKCAiA3ZC6BhBaEiwAeqfvyj-RC9tQw_8AkyI8nLIHHZvyoKqfrJJzO2A2ghL4f32iNpCxR2UJwRoCu7cQAvD_BwE\"><strong>Royaume-Uni<\/strong><\/a><strong> face aux contraintes de financement<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Au Royaume-Uni, l\u2019\u00e9ducation inclusive est l\u00e9galement obligatoire, m\u00eame si sa mise en \u0153uvre se heurte \u00e0 des obstacles. Le code de bonnes pratiques SEND (Special Educational Needs and Disabilities) fournit un cadre pour soutenir les enfants en situation de handicap dans les \u00e9coles ordinaires (Department for Education &amp; Department of Health and Social Care, 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un probl\u00e8me majeur au Royaume-Uni est la r\u00e9partition in\u00e9gale des ressources et du soutien, de nombreuses \u00e9coles \u00e9tant confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des contraintes budg\u00e9taires qui entravent leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 accueillir des \u00e9l\u00e8ves en situation de handicap (Francisco et al., 2020). Ce probl\u00e8me a suscit\u00e9 des disparit\u00e9s de financement entre les autorit\u00e9s locales, qui ont eu un impact sur la qualit\u00e9 du soutien et la disponibilit\u00e9 des ressources dans les r\u00e9gions (Jeffreys\u00a0&amp;\u00a0Rhodes, 2024\u2009; Local Government Association, s.d.; Nye, 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour le moment, les plans britanniques d&rsquo;\u00e9ducation, de sant\u00e9 et de soins (EHC) fournissent un cadre complet qui r\u00e9unit les services d&rsquo;\u00e9ducation, de sant\u00e9 et de protection sociale pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins individuels des \u00e9tudiants en situation de handicap (Department for Education &amp; Department of Health and Social Care, 2014; Mitchell et Sutherland, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Recommandations<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Renforcer les cadres politiques et le soutien financier<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les gouvernements doivent renforcer les cadres juridiques entourant l\u2019\u00e9ducation inclusive et fournir un financement suffisant pour garantir que toutes les \u00e9coles puissent r\u00e9pondre aux besoins des enfants en situation de handicap. La formation des enseignants doit \u00eatre \u00e9largie pour garantir que ceux-ci disposent des connaissances et des comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour soutenir efficacement les \u00e9l\u00e8ves en situation de handicap (Schwab, 2020). Les \u00e9coles devraient \u00eatre rendues physiquement accessibles et les technologies d\u2019assistance et autres services de soutien devraient \u00eatre largement disponibles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Cultiver des cultures scolaires inclusives<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il faut mettre davantage l\u2019accent sur le changement des attitudes sociales envers le handicap. Les \u00e9coles jouent un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard en dispensant un enseignement, en favorisant l\u2019ouverture d\u2019esprit et en cr\u00e9ant un environnement dans lequel chaque \u00e9l\u00e8ve, quelle que soit son origine, est respect\u00e9.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les programmes d\u2019\u00e9ducation et de sensibilisation destin\u00e9s aux enseignants, aux \u00e9tudiants et \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 au sens large sont \u00e9galement essentiels pour r\u00e9duire la stigmatisation et promouvoir l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/enfants-handicapes\/\">inclusion<\/a> (Mitchell &amp; Sutherland, 2020). De plus, des initiatives telles que le mentorat par les pairs et les interactions sociales entre \u00e9tudiants en situation de handicap et les \u00e9tudiants sans handicap peuvent contribuer \u00e0 briser les st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes et encourager des attitudes plus positives (Schwab, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Favoriser les collaborations entre pays et le partage des connaissances<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les collaborations et le partage de connaissances entre pays peuvent aider les pays europ\u00e9ens \u00e0 tirer des le\u00e7ons des r\u00e9ussites et des d\u00e9fis de chacun, garantissant ainsi que les meilleures pratiques en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9ducation inclusive soient largement adopt\u00e9es sur tout le continent (Leahy &amp; Ferri, 2023). En cr\u00e9ant de solides r\u00e9seaux d\u2019\u00e9coles, d\u2019enseignants et de professionnels de l\u2019\u00e9ducation, les pays peuvent faciliter la diffusion de strat\u00e9gies efficaces plus rapidement et plus largement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/shutterstock_2330366645-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-57911\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/shutterstock_2330366645-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/shutterstock_2330366645-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/shutterstock_2330366645-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/shutterstock_2330366645-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/shutterstock_2330366645-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/shutterstock_2330366645-830x554.jpg 830w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/shutterstock_2330366645-230x153.jpg 230w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/shutterstock_2330366645-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/shutterstock_2330366645-480x320.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/shutterstock_2330366645-272x182.jpg 272w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/?gad_source=1&amp;gclid=CjwKCAiA3ZC6BhBaEiwAeqfvyuVMOlFgSBm3IpmFM1_7Nbhy1Ht8WrDtE3K47mgdnUZflPooyvM2CBoCmhcQAvD_BwE\">Humanium<\/a> s&rsquo;engage \u00e0 garantir que les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/?gad_source=1&amp;gclid=CjwKCAiA3ZC6BhBaEiwAeqfvyq0XXqjqwA5IM18yZaFc3b5x7AfQf6tTH1HfQz5_laaP-QD_V1YIIBoChMAQAvD_BwE\">droits de chaque enfant<\/a> soient respect\u00e9s. Nous sensibilisons \u00e0 l\u2019importance de fournir un acc\u00e8s \u00e0 une \u00e9ducation de qualit\u00e9 \u00e0 tous les enfants, y compris \u00e0 ceux en situation de handicap. Rejoignez-nous pour faire une diff\u00e9rence&nbsp;: soutenez notre mission en faisant un don, en devenant b\u00e9n\u00e9vole ou en devenant membre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Ecrit par Or Salama<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Traduit par Clarisse Dehaeck<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Relu par J-Christophe Brunet<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences :<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Department for Education &amp; Department of Health and Social Care. (2014, June 11). Special educational needs and disability code of practice: 0 to 25 years. Retrieved from GOV.UK at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/send-code-of-practice-0-to-25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/send-code-of-practice-0-to-25<\/a>, accessed on November 8, 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Doyle, M. B., &amp; Giangreco, M. F. (2015, November 1).&nbsp;Italy presses forward in educating students with learning disabilities. Retrieved from Phi Delta Kappan at <a href=\"https:\/\/kappanonline.org\/italy-educating-students-learning-disabilities-giangreco-doyle\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/kappanonline.org\/italy-educating-students-learning-disabilities-giangreco-doyle\/<\/a>, accessed on November 8, 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education. (2016, September).&nbsp;Country policy review and analysis: Italy.&nbsp;Retrieved from the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.european-agency.org\/sites\/default\/files\/agency-projects\/CPRA\/Phase1\/CPRA%20Italy.pdf\">https:\/\/www.european-agency<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.european-agency.org\/sites\/default\/files\/agency-projects\/CPRA\/Phase1\/CPRA%20Italy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">.<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.european-agency.org\/sites\/default\/files\/agency-projects\/CPRA\/Phase1\/CPRA%20Italy.pdf\">org\/sites\/default\/files\/agency-projects\/CPRA\/Phase1\/CPRA%20Italy.pdf<\/a>, accessed on November 19, 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education. (2018, March 12). Country information for Switzerland &#8211; Systems of support and specialist provision. Retrieved from the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.european-agency.org\/country-information\/switzerland\/systems-of-support-and-specialist-provision\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.european-agency.org\/country-information\/switzerland\/systems-of-support-and-specialist-provision<\/a>, accessed on November 9, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education. (2020, April 28). Country information for France &#8211; Legislation and policy. Retrieved from the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.european-agency.org\/country-information\/france\/legislation-and-policy\">https:\/\/<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.european-agency.org\/country-information\/france\/legislation-and-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">www<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.european-agency.org\/country-information\/france\/legislation-and-policy\">.european-agency.org\/country-information\/france\/legislation-and-policy<\/a>, accessed on November 8, 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education. (2021, May 4).&nbsp;Country information for Italy &#8211; Legislation and policy.&nbsp;Retrieved from the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.european-agency.org\/country-information\/italy\/legislation-and-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.european-agency.org\/country-information\/italy\/legislation-and-policy<\/a>, accessed on November 9, 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">European Commission. (n.d.).&nbsp;Union of equality: Strategy for the rights of persons with disabilities 2021-2030.&nbsp;Retrieved from the European Commission at <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/social\/main.jsp?catId=1484&amp;langId=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/social\/main.jsp?catId=1484&amp;langId=en<\/a>, accessed on November 18, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Eurydice. (2023a, October 10). Promoting diversity and inclusion in schools in Europe. Retrieved from the European Commission at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu\/publications\/promoting-diversity-and-inclusion-schools-europe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu\/publications\/promoting-diversity-and-inclusion-schools-europe<\/a>, accessed on December 8, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Eurydice. (2023b, November 27). Educational support and guidance. Retrieved from the European Commission at https:\/\/eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu\/national-education-systems\/france\/educational-support-and-guidance, accessed on November 10, 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Francisco, M. P. B., Hartman, M., &amp; Wang, Y. (2020, September 7). Inclusion and special education.&nbsp;Retrieved from MDPI at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-7102\/10\/9\/238\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-7102\/10\/9\/238<\/a>, accessed on November 21, 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Graham, L. J. (2020, July). Inclusive education in the 21st century. Retrieved from ResearchGate at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/342962600_Inclusive_education_in_the_21st_century\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/342962600_Inclusive_education_in_the_21st_century<\/a>, accessed on November 21, 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Hester, O. R., Bridges, S. A., &amp; Rollins, L. H. (2020, May 25). \u2018Overworked and underappreciated\u2019: special education teachers describe stress and attrition.&nbsp;Retrieved from Taylor &amp; Francis at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/13664530.2020.1767189?casa_token=_OsDHamM0eMAAAAA:IESoZ9Aai9h-lGJqjE7ahHFo-jJ5Ow9h6FKbEsbPCrWXZaeapNnN4syTkBPj_5o1urvK67RujXXQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/13664530.2020.1767189?casa_token=_OsDHamM0eMAAAAA:IESoZ9Aai9h-lGJqjE7ahHFo-jJ5Ow9h6FKbEsbPCrWXZaeapNnN4syTkBPj_5o1urvK67RujXXQ<\/a>, accessed on November 21, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Ianes, D., Demo, H., &amp; Dell\u2019Anna, S. (2020, October 8). Inclusive education in Italy: Historical steps, positive developments, and challenges. Retrieved from Springer at <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11125-020-09509-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11125-020-09509-7<\/a>, accessed on November 21, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Jeffreys, B., &amp; Rhodes, H. (2024, June 18). Fears for children as special educational needs budgets tighten. Retrieved from BBC News at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/ceqq46x068xo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/ceqq46x068xo<\/a>, accessed on November 9, 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Jodl, J., &amp; Bian, M. (2023, January). Global state of inclusion in education: A review of the literature. Retrieved from Inclusive Education Initiative at&nbsp;https:\/\/www.inclusive-education-initiative.org\/sites\/iei\/files\/2023-01\/108_Global%20State%20of%20Inclusion_Policy%20Brief_V21.pdf, accessed on December&nbsp;8, 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Kefallinou, A., Symeonidou, S., &amp; Meijer, C. J. W. (2020, September 7). Understanding the value of inclusive education and its implementation: A review of the literature. Retrieved from Springer at <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11125-020-09500-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11125-020-09500-2<\/a>, accessed on November 9, 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Kottelat, D. (2024, June 28).&nbsp;Inclusive schools: beneficial for all?&nbsp;Retrieved from SWI swissinfo.ch at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/education\/inclusive-schools-beneficial-for-all\/81877884\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/education\/inclusive-schools-beneficial-for-all\/81877884<\/a>, accessed on November 8, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Leahy, A., &amp; Ferri, D. (2023, June 16). Barriers to cultural participation by people with disabilities in Europe: a study across 28 countries.&nbsp;Retrieved from Taylor &amp; Francis at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/09687599.2023.2222898\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/09687599.2023.2222898<\/a>, accessed on November 9, 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Local Government Association. (n.d.). Bright Futures: SEND funding. Retrieved from Local Government Association at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.local.gov.uk\/about\/campaigns\/bright-futures\/bright-futures-childrens-services\/bright-futures-send-funding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.local.gov.uk\/about\/campaigns\/bright-futures\/bright-futures-childrens-services\/bright-futures-send-funding<\/a>, accessed on November 9, 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00c9ducation nationale. (2015, August 21). Scolarisation des \u00e9l\u00e8ves en situation de handicap : Unit\u00e9s localis\u00e9es pour l\u2019inclusion scolaire (Ulis), dispositifs pour la scolarisation des \u00e9l\u00e8ves en situation de handicap dans le premier et le second degr\u00e9s. Retrieved from Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00c9ducation nationale at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.education.gouv.fr\/bo\/15\/Hebdo31\/MENE1504950C.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.education.gouv.fr\/bo\/15\/Hebdo31\/MENE1504950C.htm<\/a>, accessed on November 7, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00c9ducation nationale. (2024, August). Les accompagnants des \u00e9l\u00e8ves en situation de handicap (AESH). Retrieved from Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00c9ducation nationale at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.education.gouv.fr\/les-accompagnants-des-eleves-en-situation-de-handicap-aesh-12188\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.education.gouv.fr\/les-accompagnants-des-eleves-en-situation-de-handicap-aesh-12188<\/a>, accessed on November 7, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Mitchell, D., &amp; Sutherland, D. (2020, March 9).&nbsp;What really works in special and inclusive education: Using evidence-based teaching strategies. Retrieved from Taylor &amp; Francis at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/books\/mono\/10.4324\/9780429401923\/really-works-special-inclusive-education-david-mitchell-dean-sutherland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/books\/mono\/10.4324\/9780429401923\/really-works-special-inclusive-education-david-mitchell-dean-sutherland<\/a>, accessed on November 9, 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Nye, P. (2024, January 26). SEND spending needs reform to stop local authorities going bust. Retrieved from the Institute for Government at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/comment\/send-spending-reform-local-authorities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/comment\/send-spending-reform-local-authorities<\/a>, accessed on November 9, 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Schreuer, N., Shpigelman, C. N., Mor, S., Sarid, M., Kanter, A. S., &amp; Sachs, D. (2024, January 3). Academic staff members\u2019 engagement in accessible higher education for students with disabilities. Retrieved from Taylor &amp; Francis at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/07294360.2023.2292652?casa_token=Qr_kCViL07YAAAAA:jD74jpkRP4qJcUH1tDn2-IGn2bkxB7x8zwHD_1JSY2b4_zGpq8y_VMuTHEgfou4C_G0Bj-P4uO50\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/07294360.2023.2292652?casa_token=Qr_kCViL07YAAAAA:jD74jpkRP4qJcUH1tDn2-IGn2bkxB7x8zwHD_1JSY2b4_zGpq8y_VMuTHEgfou4C_G0Bj-P4uO50<\/a>, accessed on November 21, 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Schwab, S. (2020, January 30). Inclusive and special education in Europe. Retrieved from Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education at <a href=\"https:\/\/oxfordre.com\/education\/display\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190264093.001.0001\/acrefore-9780190264093-e-1230\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/oxfordre.com\/education\/display\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190264093.001.0001\/acrefore-9780190264093-e-1230<\/a>, accessed on November 21, 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Shaw, A. (2021, August 25). Inclusion of disabled Higher Education students: why are we not there yet? Retrieved from Taylor &amp; Francis at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/13603116.2021.1968514\">https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/13603116.2021.1968514\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\/<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/13603116.2021.1968514\">doi\/abs\/10.1080\/13603116.2021.1968514<\/a>, accessed on November 21, 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">United Nations. (2006, December 12). Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.&nbsp;Retrieved from the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/convention-rights-persons-disabilities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/convention-rights-persons-disabilities<\/a>, accessed on November 17, 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (1994). The Salamanca Statement and Framework for Action on Special Needs Education. Retrieved from UNESDOC at <a href=\"https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000098427\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000098427<\/a>, accessed on November 18, 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Waisath, W., McCormack, M., Stek, P., &amp; Heymann, J. (2022, April 4). Dismantling barriers and advancing disability-inclusive education: an examination of national laws and policies across 193 countries. Retrieved from Taylor &amp; Francis at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/13603116.2022.2058623\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/13603116.2022.2058623<\/a>, accessed on November 21, 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chaque enfant se doit d\u2019avoir la chance d\u2019apprendre, de grandir et de s\u2019\u00e9panouir dans un environnement qui valorise et respecte ses besoins et capacit\u00e9s individuels. Pour les enfants en situation de handicap, fr\u00e9quenter une \u00e9cole traditionnelle repr\u00e9sente plus qu\u2019une simple opportunit\u00e9 d\u2019apprentissage\u2009; cela signifie \u00e9galement se sentir inclus, trouver des opportunit\u00e9s et devenir des membres [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":69,"featured_media":57912,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[220,5,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-droits-des-enfants","category-education","category-sante"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>L\u2019\u00e9ducation inclusive pour les enfants en situation de handicap en Europe - Humanium<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bien que l&#039;Europe ait travaill\u00e9 \u00e0 la mise en place d&#039;une \u00e9ducation inclusive pour les enfants handicap\u00e9s, des d\u00e9fis subsistent.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanium.org\/fr\/leducation-inclusive-pour-les-enfants-en-situation-de-handicap-en-europe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019\u00e9ducation inclusive pour les enfants en situation de handicap en Europe - 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