Abana mu Rwanda
Kwiga ku burenganzira bw’ abana mu Rwanda
Abana nibo bagize umubare munini w’abaturage b’igihugu cy’ u Rwanda ku ijanisha bangana na 42,9% by’abaturage bari munsi y’umwaka kugeza ku myaka cumi n’ine y’amavuko(0-14) bityo icyeragati cyabo ni imyaka 18.8. Aba bana bato rero ni bamwe mubagezweho ni ngaruka za Jenoside yabaye mu Rwanda mu 1994, aho abasaga miliyoni imwe (1,000,000) y’abanyarwanda bishwe mugihe cy’ibyumweru bine. Ingaruka zayo nanubu zirakibasira ubuzima bw’abana b’ u Rwanda mu buryo butandukanye bityo kwita ku burenganzira bw’abana , k’urubyiruko ntibiragera k’urugero rwifuzwa.
Itegeko nomero 54 ryo mu 2011,risigasira uburenganzira bw’abana mu Rwanda.Iri tegeko rishyiraho gushingwa kw’ibigo by’abana bigamije kwita kuburenganzira bwabo. Bityo 414,000 by’abana bavuka mu Rwanda buri mwaka bitabwaho muri rusange ndetse bakanasigasirwa.
Realization of Children’s Rights Index: Population: 12 million Life expectancy: 65,2 years |
Ibibazo by’ingutu abana bo mu Rwanda bahura nabyo
Nubwo habayeho igabanuka ry’ubukene guhera muri 2011,hejuru ya 63% by’ abanyarwanda baracyari mu murongo w’ubukene ,cyane cyane munce z’icyaro niho bucyigaragara.Ubukene kumubare mwinshi mu Rwanda ,bikaba bibagiraho ingaruka mu bijyanye n’imirire ,ku myigire yabo ndetse n’umuze n’ibindi.
Gahunda y’ibigo bya leta ndetse ntibitegamiye kuri leta byose byita by’umwihariko ku bakene . Ariko abana bavuka mu miryango ikize 20% nibo bafite amahirwe menshi kurusha ababakene mubijyanye n’ubumenyi bakura kubabyeyi,kukubaruzwa ,kukujyanywa ku ishuri,gukura neza, kuvuzwa no kwiga amashuri abanza .Naho hejuru ya 90% by’abanyarwanda babakene batuye mu byaro kandi 80% bakora imirimo y’ubuhinzi, Ubuhinzi bufatwa nk’umurimo wo kurwanya ubukene .
Mu Rwanda umwana afite uburenganzira bwo kubaho nambere yuko avuka.Gusa 69% nibo bakurikiranwa mbere yuko bavuka ,naho ikigereranyo cy’abapfa bataravuka ni hejuru ya 37% bitewe n’impamvu z’itandukanye .Naho abapfa bari munsi y’imyaka itanu bo ni agahompamunwa kuko bangana na 52% , naho abavuka batujuje ibiro ni 7%,naho 12% bo munsi y’imyaka itanu baba batujuje ibiro kandi abo mu byaro baba bikubye inshuro ebyiri abo mu mugi.Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’abana bo munsi y’imyaka 5 nibo bkura ariko 17% nibo babona iryo yuzuye mugihe bafite hagati y’amezi 6 kugeza 23.
Muri rusange ibyorezon’indwara ni malariya,imiswi,umuriro ukabije ndetse na bwaki bitewe n’ubumenyi buke .Hafi kimwe cya gatatu by’ abanyarwanda ntibiborohera kunywa amazi meza keretse byibuze abo mu mugi nibo bagerageza kubona amazi meza. Gusa 64% nibo babona ibikoresho bibafasha kugira umuze muzima .
Hari ikigereranyo kinini mu gihugu kuburyo hafi y’abana bose bakingirwa barindwa indwara. Nubwo bimeze gutyo iyo hagize abahura n’uburwayi inshuro nyinshi ntibavuzwa .
Mu gihe SIDA yari imwe mu kibazo cy’ingutu mugihe cya Jenoside ndetse n’ifatwa ku ngufu ryagaragaye muri icyo gihe , ubu ngubu ni umubare mucye w’urubyiruko ufite agakoko ka SIDA mu Rwanda ariko 2.82% by’abakuze bafite agakoko ka SIDA ariko uwo mubare uri kugenda ugabanuka kandi n’ibigo bitandukanye bizi icyo kibazo kandi bafitemo na gahunda yo kurwanya SIDA
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda itanga hagati ya 6%na 11% by’ingengo y’imari ya leta mu kurinda ndetse no mugufasha abafite ubwandu butera SIDA
U Rwanda rwashyize imbaraga nyinshi mu kurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana biciye mu kubakubita byagaragaraga mu gihugu. Igihugu cyashyizeho amategeko menshi atandukanye arengera abagore n’abana arwanya ihohoterwa ribakorerwa .
Imiryango yunze ubumwe yita k’uburenganzira bw’umwana ku isi ndetse no muri Afurika nayo irwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana ,ariko nubwo bimeze gutyo ababyeyi benshi baracyahohotera abana babakubita mungo nubwo hari amategeko arengera abana abaririnda gukubitwa ndetse no ku ishuri ariko ntabwo bigaragara ko yubahirizwa.Byagaragajwe ko 49% by’abana b’abanyarwanda bakubitwa n’abarimu babo kandi ababakobwa nibo bakunda gukubita cyane kuruta abahungu
Icyigereranyo cy’abana bubaka ingo ni gito cyane mu Rwanda kuko umukobwa 1% niwe ushaka agejeje imyaka 15 ariko 8% y’abakobwa bashaka bagize imyaka 18 y’ubukuru mugihe nta mibare igaragazwa y’ abagore bakatwa imwe mu myanya myibarukiro,bikaba byemezwa ko iyo mico itaboneka mu Rwanda .
Ku bijyanye n’abana bafite ubumuga bo bakunda guhura n’ibibazo by’ihohoterwa no kunenwa, gusa usanga bitabwaho n’inzobere za ababyize .
Mu Rwanda amashuri abanza ndetse n’icyiciro cya mbere cy’ayisumbuye ni Ubuntu ndetse ni nitegeko kuyiga .
Gahunda y’uburezi ifatwa nkimwe muyateye imbere muri Afurika kandi hafi 100% by’abana babanyarwanda barangiza amashuri abanza. Ariko 19% by’abahungu gusa n’abakobwa 23% nibo bagera mu mashuri yisumbuye , ikiyongereyeho kandi abitabira amashuri y’incuke ni bake kuko 13% nibo bayiga
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ishyira 5% by’ingengo y’imari ku burezi buri mwaka
Ntubwo umubare wabiga amashuri abanza ari mwinshi,uburezi buracyahura n’imbogamizi nyinshi.Ibibazo bicyugarije uburezi harimo kubura amafaranga yo kugura impuzankano,amafaranga asabwa n’ishuri nayandi yakwa binyuranyije n’amategeko, ikindi umwarimu umwe yigisha abana 62 mu ishuri rimwe mu mashuri abanza . Uburezi kuri bose bugomba kwiyongera kandi n’ireme ry’uburezi mu byiciro byose
Amategeko mu Rwanda aringaniza abaturage b’igihugu kandi bakarinda ubusugire bw’igihugu birinda ivangura. Ariko nubwo bimeze gucyo amoko yakomeje kugaragara aho abatutsi bakorewe jenoside bagakomeza no gukorerwa ivangura ry’amoko mu sosiyete nyarwanda, umubare mwinshi nugire uburenganzira ku mitungo y’igihugu ndetse nibabone uburenganzira bwo kwivuza ndetse no kwiga .
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ntiyashoboye kurinda abaturage mugihe cya Jenoside bityo bikongera ivangura ndetse n’ihohoterwa mu gihugu
Abana bafite ubumuga kera bakorerwaga ivangura , guhezwa mu mashuri, kunenwa muri sosiyete mu buzima bwaburi munsi.bamwe muri bo bahishwaga mungo kuko bafatwaga nk’ikimwaro ku muryango.birazwi ko 10% by’abana b’abanyarwanda bafite ubumuga kandi bake nibo biga , mugihe ibigo byabo biboneka mu migi gusa kandi byita by’umwihariko kubafite ubumuga bwo kutumva ndetse n’abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona kandi bikaba bitorohera abana bo mu byaro bubyigamo.
U Rwanda nicyo gihugu cyambere ku isi gifite abagore benshi mu nteko ishinga amategeko kandi n’amategeko aha uburenganzira abagore , kurwanya ivangura,ndetse n’amategeko aha uburenganzira abagore arahari.
Ikindi kandi gushakana kw’abahuje ibitsina si bimwe mu byaha biboneka mu Rwanda bityo rero ntanitegeko rihari rijyanye nabyo . Ntubwo hatari harabayeho gahunda yo guhabwa ubufasha mu muryango bungana ku bana muri rusange kwiga birakwiriye no kubana b’impunzi ndetse no mushuri yisumbuye. UNHCR ifasha guverinoma y’u Rwanda kubishyira mubikorwa .
Amategeko y’u Rwanda asaba ko abana bose bandikishwa mu gihe cyu kwezi kumwe bavutse, mbere ya Jenoside habaga handitsweho ubwoko ku cyangombwa cy’umwana ariko guhera ntabwo kucyemezo cy’amavuko hagaragaho ubwoko bw’umwana mu rwego rwoguhagarika gukomeza kubaho kw’ amoko.
Nubwo ari itegeko 63% by’iminja nibo bandikishwa mu gihe cy’ukwezi bavutse .Uyu ukaba ari umubare muke bityo 37% bikabatera ingorane zo kuba kenshi na kenshi abana batandikishwa baba baravutse ku babyeyi batabana bityo ntibandikishe abana mu buyobozi batinya ko babakurikirana . Ibi bikaba byateza ibibazo byinshi kuko abana badafite icyangombwa cy’amavuko bityo igihugu ntabwo kiba kibazi
Ibibazo by’abana bo mu muhanda ni byinshi nkuko bigaragazwa mu nyandiko nyinshi zitandukanye kandi ibigo by’amashuri bigaragaza ko abaana benshi bo mu muhanda ari abahungu kandi umubare mwi ukaba uri I Kigali.
Hejuru ya 85% by’abana bo mu muhanda ntabwo baba biga.Abo bana rero bagakunda guhura n’ibibazo byinshi birimo gukorerwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina , ubuzima bubi ,imirire mibi ndetse n’ibindi. Benshi muri bo ntibigeze bagera mu ishuri bityo bakaba bafite amahirwe make cyane yo kuba babona akazi ngo bibafashe kuva mu muhanda . Bitatu bya kane byabo bana bakoreshwa imirimo ivunanye naho kimwe cya kane bo batoragura imyanda ndetse bakanabigurisha . Ibintu bine by’ingenzi aba bana batakazaho amafaranga yabo ni imyenda , ibiryo, amasinema ndetse n’ibiyobyabwenge .
Mu kwihesha rero amahoro mu buzima bwabo, aba bana kenshi na kenshi amafaranga baba bafite bayagura ibiyobyabwenge ndetse n’inzoga.Urumogi,inzoga ndetse na kore nibyo bakunda gukoresha . Ubuzima rero babamo bugira ingaruka ku mikurire yabo haba mu ntekerezo,igihagararo,mu mico ndetse n’ubukungu biba ari bibi kuri bo.
Benshi mu bana bajya mu muhanda bitewe n’ubukene ,itotezwa n’ifatwa ku ngufu . 74.5% by’abana bo mu muhanda babajijwe mu bushakashatsi bumwe bwakozwe bafite ba mama wabo bakiriho naho 51.6% nibo baifite base . Abana bo mu mujyi babakene nibo bakunda kujya mu muhanda bitewe no kubura kwitabwaho ndetse no gucungwa n’ababyeyi babo . Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyabo bana baboneka mu muhanda ku manywa maze nijoro bagasubira mu miryango yabo maze bagafatwa nka baba mu muhanda bityo nabo bagahura na byabibazo byo kutiga no kugira ubuzima bubi,rero rimwe narimwe bashobora kurara mu rugo ubundi bakarara mu muhanda .
Kenshi n kenshi bajya mu muhanda bari guhunga ubukene,ihohoterwa,gukoreshwa imirimo ivunanye cyangwa kujya kugurisha ibintu bimwe nabimwe mbere yuko basubira mu rugo.
Rero hashyizweho imbaraga nyinshi mu myaka itanu ishije aho amagana menshi y’abana bari bazwi mu muhanda basubijwe mu miryango yabo,ibigo nka FIDESCO Rwanda kubufatanye na UNICEF hafunguwe ibigo ngorora muco bifasha abana bo mu muhanda gusubira mu miryango yabo.Aha reo aba bana babaha aho baba ,bakabigisha,bagafashwa no guhindura intekerezo. Uku gushyiramo rero imbaraga byafashije ubukungu ndetse n’imitekerereze yiyi miryango mu gihugu muri rusange.
Rero kenshi na kenshi aba ban abo mu muhanda bava mu miryango ikennye cyane aho badashobora kubona ibyo kurya. Biciye rero mu nama zihabwa iyi miryango bizaba byiza nibazajya bateganyiriza abana babo uko bazabatunga.
U Rwanda rushyira mu ngiro amahame areba imirimo ya abana ku isi ,ariko nubwo reta ishyiramo imbaraga mu kurwanya ikoreshwa ry’abana ikigereranyo cyabana bakoreshwa cyira cyari hejuru mu gihugu hagati 16% na 20%.
Itegeko rireba imirimo ikoreshwa abana kenshi ntabwo rireba ya mirimo yo mu miryango,ariko iri tegegeko usanga rireba ibigo.
Imyaka mfatizo y’akazi ni 16, nubwo kubera ubukene bwinshi bwo mu gihugu ndetse no mu miryango usanga ababyeyi bakoresha abana babo batarageza iyo myaka . aba bana rero kwiga kwabo usanga ni gake cyane,kubishyurira biba bitoroshye , bakorerwa ivngura ndetse n’ihohoterwa, ibi rero bitera abana gukora imirimo yo murugo ndetse n’imirimo ijyanye n’ubuhinzi
Abana bamwe babahungu ndetse n’abakobwa bashyirwa mu mirimo nabo bafitanye amsano yo mu miryango.iyi mirimo y’ubuhinzi ikoreshwa abana yagaragaye henshi mu gihugu
Gukoreshwa igisirikare ku bana
Mu ntangiriro 1990, abana b’abanyarwanda batangiye gukora imirimo y’igisirikari, Nyuma ya Jenoside 1994 hejuru 2000 by’abana bajyanywe mu gisirikare ku ngufu. Ubu kujya mu gisirikare ku bushake nuguhera ku myaka 18.
Rero ni ingorane kuri aba bana babasirikare kuko bahura n’ ibibazo iyo bagarutse mu ngo ,akenshi baba batararabonye uko biga , nta bumenyi ndetse nta namafaranga baba bafite . Uru rubyiruko birabagora kubona ibibatunga , aho kuba ndetse no kongera kwisanga mu baturage basanze.
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ifasha aba bana ndetse bakanabaha inyigisho mbere yuko basubizwa mu buzima busazwe. M u byukuri mu mategeko y’u Rwanda ntibemera gukoresha abana imirimo ya gisirikare ndetse no kubemerera kukinjiramo mugihe bataruzuza imyaka ndetse no mu yindi mitwe ya gisirikare .
Nubwo bimeze gutyo hatangajwe ko abana b’impunzi ziba mu Rwanda cyane cyane iza abarundi bajyanywa mu mitwe ya gisirikare yigenga ,ibi bikorwa cyane n’igisirikare cyitari icy’ubutegetsi kirwanira mu Burundi ndetse no muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, gusa n’abana babanyarwanda hari abakiboneka mu gisirikare kibindi bihugu nka Congo.
Itegeko ry u Rwanda rirwanya uburaya bukorwa n’ ‘abana ,ubucakara ndetse no gukoreshwa imibonano mpuzabitsina kw’abana ku gahato.Rero leta yashyize mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kurwanya icuruzwa ry’abantu.
Mu cyegeranyo cyatazwe 2015 n’ikigo kibishizwe , u Rwanda ntabwo ruragaragaraho ibyo bikorwa mu rwego rwo hejuru ariko hatangiye kugaraga ko byatangiye kuhaboneka. Hakaba haratangajwe ko umubare w’icuruzwa ry’abantu wagabanutse 2014.
U Rwanda rufatwa nk’igihugu gifite abagora n’abana bakorerwa ubucuruzi kubijyanye n’uburaya ndetse no gukoreshwa ku ngufu. Gusa nibindi bihugu bya baturanyi naho birahaboneka nk’imirimo y’uburaya ndetse no kuryanywa gukora imirimo itandukanye ku ngufu.
Igihugu gikomeje gushakashaka aboi bakora ubwo bucuruzi bw’abantu, Guverinoma ikomeje gushyiraho ibigo bibyitaho birimo ibyo ubujyanama , ibyo ubuzima , iby’abanyamategeko byita kubahuye nabyo ndetse no kumenyekanisha iyo gahunda.